Allah says
وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُۥ وَٱسۡتَوَىٰٓ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ حُكۡمٗا وَعِلۡمٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ (14)
When he reached maturity and his youth completed, We have given him wisdom and taught him, and thus We reward the benefactors (14)
(And when he reached maturity)
Thirty-three years
The strength and youth completed
He was forty years old
And his saying: (We gave him wisdom and knowledge)
By wisdom, he means: understanding religion and knowledge
Jurisprudence, reason, and work before prophecy
God gave him wisdom and knowledge: He guided him in his religion and the religion of his fathers, and knowledge of what was in his religion, its laws, and its limits.
A view of the verse
1 - Attaining maturity, that is, his maturity intensified, so he became fully masculine, or became fully feminine, and this age in particular is what God Almighty chose for His servants to stay in Paradise, because it is the most beautiful of a person’s youth, health, and completeness at this age, and God is Most High and Most Knowing.
2 - As for istawa: it is reaching forty, which is the age of wisdom for some people who have learned about God Almighty, and if you notice that all the prophets took prophecy at this age, It is a very special age before God - the Almighty - and even among humans. In the West, for example, they call it the “foot above the mountain” and they mean by that: there is a past beyond this age, and a future beyond this age. Therefore, it is a pivotal age in a person’s life, whether a woman or a man.
3- God - the Almighty - loved Moses - peace be upon him - at this age and other prophets - with knowledge, wisdom and prophecy, and this is not surprising, for God chooses human beings from among the people who He makes them above all others, they are His prophets and messengers - and this is an inherent right of God - the Almighty - for the one Who created has the right to choose a specific thing and raise it, and no one speaks. Praise be to God, He has made us understand the beginning and end of the prophets. The story of their lives is known to everyone, so there is no favoritism. Rather, it is authentic morals that rarely reached anyone else in their time.
4 - The only strange thing in the noble verse (and thus do We reward the doers of good) and a difference, if you please, between those who do good deeds and the benefactors: One of the basic characteristics of believers is (doing good deeds, not doing good deeds once, always), and God - the Almighty - distinguishes between the two words, and Gabriel’s long hadith differentiates between faith and benevolence, so God gives what was given to Moses of wisdom and part of prophecy and wisdom in proportion to his benevolence, not merely in proportion to his good deeds.
5 - There is no place here to talk about ihsan, but it is in the simple sense: completion - quality, that no one can replace you, that no one can complete behind you what you lacked, this is ihsan and other things, just doing good deeds, and an example of this is: Mrs. Aisha - may God be pleased with her - used to perfume charity and say that it falls into the hands of God before it falls into the hands of the poor. This is Ihsan, and the Ihsan enters into every detail of our lives, even feeding dogs and cats even slaughtering edible animals, even your treatment of your neighbors, servant, father, mother, son...etc., so be benefactor.
Allah says
وَدَخَلَ ٱلۡمَدِينَةَ عَلَىٰ حِينِ غَفۡلَةٖ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيۡنِ يَقۡتَتِلَانِ هَٰذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ وَهَٰذَا مِنۡ عَدُوِّهِۦۖ فَٱسۡتَغَٰثَهُ ٱلَّذِي مِن شِيعَتِهِۦ عَلَى ٱلَّذِي مِنۡ عَدُوِّهِۦ فَوَكَزَهُۥ مُوسَىٰ فَقَضَىٰ عَلَيۡهِۖ قَالَ هَٰذَا مِنۡ عَمَلِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَدُوّٞ مُّضِلّٞ مُّبِينٞ (15) قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمۡتُ نَفۡسِي فَٱغۡفِرۡ لِي فَغَفَرَ لَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ (16)
And He entered the city while some of its people were unaware of it, and he found two men fighting there, this one is from his Shiites and this one is from his enemy, then the one from his Shiites sought help over the one from his enemy, then Moses poked him and killed him, He said, “This is the work of Satan. Indeed, he is an enemy who is clearly misleading.” (15) He said, “My Lord, I have wronged myself, so forgive me.” So he was forgiven. Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful. (16)
(And Moses entered (the city))
The city of Memphis, Egypt
(For a time when its people were heedless)
According to the saying, this is half the day
The scholars differed regarding the reason for which Moses entered this city at this time. Some of them said:
About Al-Sadi
He said: When Musa grew up, he used to ride the chariots of Pharaoh and dress like what he wore, and he was called Musa bin Pharaoh.
Then Pharaoh rode a boat and he did not have a Moses. When Moses came, he was told: Pharaoh has mounted, so he rode in his wake, and the camp overtook him in a land called Memphis, So he entered it at midday, and its markets were closed, and no one was on its roads, and it is the one that God says: (And he entered the city while some of its people were unaware).
Others said
Rather, he entered it hidden from Pharaoh and his people, because he had disagreed with them in their religion and criticized what they were following.
Others said
Rather, Pharaoh had ordered him to be expelled from his city when he impaled him on the staff, and he did not enter it until he had grown up and reached his maturity. They said: And the meaning of the words: He entered the city while its people were unaware of the mention of Moses: that is, after they had forgotten about him and his command.
A view around the two verses
1 - He entered the city at a time when everyone was unaware: Why is it possible for him to enter the city in a royal cup while everyone consults about him, greets him, and glorifies him? It seems that Moses - peace be upon him - was carrying a heart full of anger against Pharaoh and his entourage, full of support for the oppressed and inspecting their conditions, and he did not know where to start? It seems that Moses - did not know what God Almighty said in the Qur’an (and those who strive for Us - We will certainly guide them to Our ways)
2- Who among his Shiites (the oppressed children of Israel) did he seek help from Moses when he was a descendant of kings and raised in the house of kings? However, he saw things in Moses that he supported the oppressed. Doesn’t the mind make us understand that?
2 - Who is his enemy (the cook of the royal court) from the Copts, that is, from the inhabitants of Egypt, the elite with high collars? Why did Moses kill him? A prophet from among the most powerful of the messengers, and he is killed, i.e. commits a major sin? First: He was not a prophet yet. Second: It was unintentional killing, due to the extreme strength of Moses’ body (because it was just a poke) Third: He asked God for forgiveness, and God Almighty forgave him, and the matter was over. This speech is directed to those who disbelieve whose committing the major sins.
3 - When he saw him killed before his eyes, he remembered Satan and remembered his work with the sons of Adam, and here: What are the beliefs that are inside this Moses? Why did he know about Satan when he was raised in the house of someone who claimed divinity? How did he know?
Allah says
قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ أَنۡعَمۡتَ عَلَيَّ فَلَنۡ أَكُونَ ظَهِيرٗا لِّلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ (17)
He said, “My Lord, because You have bestowed upon me, I will never be a supporter of the criminals.” (17)
And he said: (He said, “My Lord, for what You have bestowed upon me.”)
God Almighty says: Moses said, “My Lord, by bestowing Your blessings upon me by pardoning the killing of this soul, (I will never be a supporter of the criminals)” meaning the polytheists, as if he had sworn by this, It was mentioned that this was in Abdullah’s recitation: “So do not make me a supporter of the criminals, It is as if upon this reading he called upon his Lord and said: Oh God, I will never be a defender. And he, peace be upon him, did not make an exception when he said (I will not be a defender of the criminals), so he was tested.
On the authority of Qatada
(I will not be a supporter of criminals) he says.
After that, I will never help an oppressor for his ungodliness. He said: Rarely does a man say it except that he will be tested. He said: Then he will be tested as you hear.
A view around the verse
People differ after blessing, and after severe adversity, some of them are different:
- He distances himself from God, forgets the benefactor, and becomes preoccupied with blessings.
- Among them are those who are moderate in worship, moderate in it, and do not go to extremes
-And among them are those who hasten to do good deeds
-And among them and among them, and Moses, peace be upon him, made a strange choice that (no) impossible would happen for him to stand behind a criminal, defend him, or stand next to him until he came out of his ordeal.
Allah says
فَأَصۡبَحَ فِي ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ خَآئِفٗا يَتَرَقَّبُ فَإِذَا ٱلَّذِي ٱسۡتَنصَرَهُۥ بِٱلۡأَمۡسِ يَسۡتَصۡرِخُهُۥۚ قَالَ لَهُۥ مُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّكَ لَغَوِيّٞ مُّبِينٞ (18)
So he became in the city afraid and waiting, then, behold, the one whom sought to his support yesterday shouted at him, Moses said to him, “Indeed, you are a clear unjust.” (18)
God Almighty mentioned it: So Moses became in the city of Pharaoh fearing that the crime he had committed and the killing of the soul that he had killed might be taken and killed with it (he was waiting) He says, : He waits for the news: that is, he waits for what people will talk about, what they will do regarding his matter and the matter of his dead person.
(Indeed, you are a clear unjust)
Moses said to the Israeli who cried out to him, and he encountered Moses regretting his previous killing yesterday he was killed, and today he is crying out to another: You, O seeker, are a seducer: He says: You are possessed of temptation, a clear one. He says: Your temptation has become clear by fighting one man yesterday and today another.
A view of the verse
1 - He became afraid in Medina: A prophet, one of those endowed with determination among the messengers, and he is afraid? yes, fear is a human emotion that all people experience, and it is a type of emotion that exists within us, Which was not created in vain, and we must experience all feelings one or more times throughout our lives.
2 - Waiting: From whom? From Pharaoh's courtiers and soldiers, why: Can anyone from Pharaoh's courtiers approach Pharaoh's adopted son? Yes, because it seems from that time that Moses became a hater of the king, a hater of the courtiers, a hater of the soldiers, and it seemed that Pharaoh’s security grip knew the news firsthand, and it also seemed that killing a resident of Egypt was an unforgivable crime.
3 - Then he found someone asking for his help to kill the Copt, He asks him for help again against another man so that Moses can kill him, Moses knew that this man was an obvious deceiver, and that he wanted to get him into more and more trouble. The witness: Not everyone who laments or asks for help needs it with the truth.
Allah says
فَلَمَّآ أَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يَبۡطِشَ بِٱلَّذِي هُوَ عَدُوّٞ لَّهُمَا قَالَ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ أَتُرِيدُ أَن تَقۡتُلَنِي كَمَا قَتَلۡتَ نَفۡسَۢا بِٱلۡأَمۡسِۖ إِن تُرِيدُ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ جَبَّارٗا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِينَ (19)
Then, when he wanted to attack the one who was their enemy, he said, “Moses, Do you want to kill me as you killed oneself yesterday, you only want to be a mighty man on earth, and you do not want to be among the reconcilers. (19)
You only want to be a mighty man on earth, and you do not want to be among the reformers.
So Moses left him. So the Copt sought with it
A view of the verse
1 - It seems that Moses realized the danger of calling for help and support from liars, So he decided to brutalize him, and this man felt ashamed of little in himself and felt that he would be killed by Moses, He said to him, “Do you want to kill me as you killed the Copt yesterday?” Then his mind turned: If you want to be a mighty man on earth and you do not want to be one of the reformers, The question here is: How did he know that Moses, a descendant of kings, wanted to be one of the reformers? For the fact that Egypt is guarded, it seems that all the news there is known to everyone, whether the oppressed slaves of the children of Israel, or the high-collar elite - if so to speak -
2 - It seems that Moses at that time, before Moses became the Prophet, was playing two pivotal roles in Egyptian society: one role is to love and support the oppressed, and another role is to sit in the house of kings and hate everything in it, It also seems that all his roles were visible to everyone, including Pharaoh and his entourage.
Allah says
وَجَآءَ رَجُلٞ مِّنۡ أَقۡصَا ٱلۡمَدِينَةِ يَسۡعَىٰ قَالَ يَٰمُوسَىٰٓ إِنَّ ٱلۡمَلَأَ يَأۡتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقۡتُلُوكَ فَٱخۡرُجۡ إِنِّي لَكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّٰصِحِينَ (20)
And a man came from the farthest part of the city, running, said to Moses, Indeed, the people of the elite are plotting against you to kill you, so go out. Indeed, I am one of those who advise you. (20)
It was reported that the Israelite’s statement was heard by a listener who divulged it, and informed the family of the dead man about it. Then Pharaoh asked for Moses and ordered him to be killed. When he ordered his killing, Moses an informant came and informed him of what Pharaoh had ordered regarding his matter, and advised him to leave Egypt, the country of Pharaoh and his people.
Ibn Abbas, he said
The Pharaoh who was fighting the Israelite went to his people and told them about the news he heard from the Israelite when he said, “Do you want to kill me as you killed a person yesterday? So Pharaoh sent slaughterers to kill Moses, so they took the greater path, not fearing that they would miss him. A man from Moses’ Shiites was at the farthest part of the city, so, he took a short route until he preceded them to Musa, so he told him the news.
A view of the verse
Aqsa: the furthest part of guarded Egypt
Man: Who is he? It does not matter, it is said that the face is an identity for a man, and great deeds are also an identity, by which a man is known even centuries after his death, like this believer of the family of Pharaoh, men have great or poor deeds, and each must choose.
Sa’i: Sa’i is jogging, that is, something between walking and less than running. Therefore, this is a fixed path, a tireless movement for a specific goal.
He said, “O Moses, the people are plotting against you.”
Public: The elite who fill the first ranks, the courtiers, and the friends of kings
They follow those who were raised among them, indicating that a person always and forever needs social acceptance among the peer group or group to which he belongs, If he does not gain social acceptance, he will be rejected and expelled from their midst, and if he shows hatred for this group, this group will turn against him and decide to get rid of him forever.
So go out, I am one of your advisors
Moses - peace be upon him - was not yet a prophet, and he was still ending a quarrel between him and one of the slaves who killed the Copt, and he feels that he is being persecuted now, How can he trust this man (the believer of Pharaoh’s family)? Truth: He is a believer from among Pharaoh’s family who believe in the divinity of Pharaoh, He believes in God, and his effort and effort to get Moses out of his crisis is what made Moses adhere to his advice and even act on it without hesitation or thinking, and the witness: everything that happens in our lives is not a coincidence, but by a profound heavenly arrangement. God Almighty had a plan with Moses, but he had not revealed it yet, the endeavor of the believing man: the one who is moved by faith to give advice is the implementation of God’s plan - the Almighty - and everyone does not realize it, and some people in our lives send us God’s messages to complete the rest of our lives, the rest of which we do not know (the future), through advice.
Allah says
فَخَرَجَ مِنۡهَا خَآئِفٗا يَتَرَقَّبُۖ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ (21)
So he came out of it, frightened and waiting, He said, “My Lord, save me from the wrongdoing people.” (21)
On the authority of Muammar, on the authority of Qatada (He left it fearful and anticipating)
He said: Afraid of killing himself, he was waiting for the request to take him.
A view around the verse
Afraid - waiting, a second time, but not the last, because he will be afraid shortly when the heavenly message is revealed to him. the witness: Fear is a human emotion that must be tested for authenticity, As God Almighty says (And We will certainly test you with something of fear and hunger...) This is a prophet, one of the most powerful messengers, and God Almighty did not prevent him, favor him, or keep him away from any of the tests of this world, Then he turned to God and said, “My Lord, save me from the unjust people.” The question is: How did Moses know God - Glory be to Him? Was it his mother who told him about Him? Is it his sister who kept up with him when he was young? Do some of the enslaved children of Israel still believe in God and know Him? The truth is that we only know that he turned entirely to a great God seeking salvation from the unjust people.