[7] حدثنا أبو اليمان الحكم بن نافع قال: أخبرنا شعيب عن الزهري قال: أخبرني عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود أن عبد الله بن عباس أخبره أن أبا سفيان بن حرب أخبره أن هرقل أرسل إليه في ركب من قريش وكانوا تجارا بالشام في المدة التي كان رسول الله ﷺ ماد فيها أبا سفيان وكفار قريش فأتوه وهم بإيلياء فدعاهم في مجلسه وحوله عظماء الروم ثم دعاهم ودعا بترجمانه، فقال أيكم أقرب نسبا بهذا الرجل الذي يزعم أنه نبي، فقال أبو سفيان فقلت: أنا أقربهم نسبا، فقال أدنوه مني وقربوا أصحابه فاجعلوهم عند ظهره، ثم قال لترجمانه قل لهم إني سائل هذا عن هذا الرجل فإن كذبني فكذبوه فوالله لولا الحياء من أن يأثروا علي كذبا لكذبت عنه ثم كان أول ما سألني عنه أن قال كيف نسبه فيكم قلت: هو فينا ذو نسب قال: فهل قال هذا القول منكم أحد قط قبله قلت لا قال: فهل كان من آبائه من ملك قلت لا قال: فأشراف الناس يتبعونه أم ضعفاؤهم فقلت: بل ضعفاؤهم قال أيزيدون أم ينقصون قلت: بل يزيدون قال: فهل يرتد أحد منهم سخطة لدينه بعد أن يدخل فيه قلت لا قال: فهل كنتم تتهمونه بالكذب قبل أن يقول: ما قال: قلت لا قال: فهل يغدر قلت لا ونحن منه في مدة لا ندري ما هو فاعل فيها قال ولم تمكني كلمة أدخل فيها شيئا غير هذه الكلمة قال: فهل قاتلتموه قلت: نعم قال: فكيف كان قتالكم إياه قلت: الحرب بيننا وبينه سجال ينال منا وننال منه قال: ماذا يأمركم قلت: يقول اعبدوا الله وحده ولا تشركوا به شيئا واتركوا ما يقول آباؤكم ويأمرنا بالصلاة والصدق والعفاف والصلة، فقال للترجمان قل له سألتك عن نسبه فذكرت أنه فيكم ذو نسب فكذلك الرسل تبعث في نسب قومها وسألتك هل قال أحد منكم هذا القول فذكرت أن لا فقلت لو كان أحد قال هذا القول قبله لقلت: رجل يأتسي بقول قيل قبله وسألتك هل كان من آبائه من ملك فذكرت أن لا قلت: فلو كان من آبائه من ملك قلت: رجل يطلب ملك أبيه وسألتك هل كنتم تتهمونه بالكذب قبل أن يقول: ما قال: فذكرت أن لا فقد أعرف أنه لم يكن ليذر الكذب على الناس ويكذب على الله وسألتك أشراف الناس اتبعوه أم ضعفاؤهم فذكرت أن ضعفاءهم اتبعوه وهم أتباع الرسل وسألتك أيزيدون أم ينقصون فذكرت أنهم يزيدون وكذلك أمر الإيمان حتى يتم وسألتك أيرتد أحد سخطة لدينه بعد أن يدخل فيه فذكرت أن لا وكذلك الإيمان حين تخالط بشاشته القلوب وسألتك هل يغدر فذكرت أن لا وكذلك الرسل لا تغدر وسألتك بما يأمركم فذكرت أنه يأمركم أن تعبدوا الله ولا تشركوا به شيئا وينهاكم عن عبادة الأوثان ويأمركم بالصلاة والصدق والعفاف فإن كان ما تقول حقا سيملك موضع قدمي هاتين وقد كنت أعلم أنه خارج لم أكن أظن أنه منكم فلو أني أعلم أني أخلص إليه لتجشمت لقاءه ولو كنت عنده لغسلت عن قدمه ثم دعا بكتاب رسول الله ﷺ الذي بعث به دحية إلى عظيم بصرى فدفعه إلى هرقل فقرأه فإذا فيه بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم من محمد عبد الله ورسوله إلى هرقل عظيم الروم سلام على من اتبع الهدى أما بعد فإني أدعوك بدعاية الإسلام أسلم تسلم يؤتك الله أجرك مرتين فإن توليت فإن عليك إثم الأريسيين و { يا أهل الكتاب تعالوا إلى كلمة سواء بيننا وبينكم أن لا نعبد إلا الله ولا نشرك به شيئا ولا يتخذ بعضنا بعضا أربابا من دون الله فإن تولوا فقولوا اشهدوا بأنا مسلمون } قال أبو سفيان فلما قال: ما قال وفرغ من قراءة الكتاب كثر عنده الصخب وارتفعت الأصوات وأخرجنا فقلت لأصحابي حين أخرجنا لقد أمر أمر بن أبي كبشة إنه يخافه ملك بني الأصفر فما زلت موقنا أنه سيظهر حتى أدخل الله علي الإسلام وكان ابن الناظور صاحب إيلياء وهرقل أسقفا على نصارى الشام يحدث أن هرقل حين قدم إيلياء أصبح يوما خبيث النفس، فقال بعض بطارقته قد استنكرنا هيئتك قال ابن الناظور وكان هرقل حزاء ينظر في النجوم، فقال لهم حين سألوه إني رأيت الليلة حين نظرت في النجوم ملك الختان قد ظهر فمن يختتن من هذه الأمة قالوا ليس يختتن إلا اليهود فلا يهمنك شأنهم واكتب إلى مداين ملكك فيقتلوا من فيهم من اليهود فبينما هم على أمرهم أتي هرقل برجل أرسل به ملك غسان يخبر عن خبر رسول الله ﷺ فلما استخبره هرقل قال اذهبوا فانظروا أمختتن هو أم لا فنظروا إليه فحدثوه أنه مختتن وسأله عن العرب، فقال هم يختتنون، فقال هرقل هذا ملك هذه الأمة قد ظهر ثم كتب هرقل إلى صاحب له برومية وكان نظيره في العلم وسار هرقل إلى حمص فلم يرم حمص حتى أتاه كتاب من صاحبه يوافق رأي هرقل على خروج النبي ﷺ وأنه نبي فأذن هرقل لعظماء الروم في دسكرة له بحمص ثم أمر بأبوابها فغلقت ثم اطلع، فقال: يا معشر الروم هل لكم في الفلاح والرشد وأن يثبت ملككم فتبايعوا هذا النبي فحاصوا حيصة حمر الوحش إلى الأبواب فوجدوها قد غلقت فلما رأى هرقل نفرتهم وأيس من الإيمان قال ردوهم علي، وقال إني قلت: مقالتي آنفا أختبر بها شدتكم على دينكم فقد رأيت فسجدوا له ورضوا عنه فكان ذلك آخر شأن هرقل.
رواه صالح بن كيسان ويونس ومعمر عن الزهري
[7] Abu Al-Yaman Al-Hakam bin Nafeh told us, he said: Shuaib told us on the authority of Al-Zuhri, he said: Obaidullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah bin Masoud told me that Abdullah bin Abbas He told him that Abu Sufyan bin Harb told him that Heraclius was sent to him in a group of Quraysh, and they were merchants in the Levant during the period that the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, was, Abu Sufyan and the infidels of Quraysh came to him while they were in Ilia, so he called them in his council and around him were the greats of the Romans, then he called them and called for his interpreter, He said, "Which of you is closest in lineage to this man who claims to be a prophet?" Abu Sufyan said, "I am the closest of them in lineage,He said: Bring him near me, and bring his companions near, and make them at his back, Then he said to his interpreter, “Tell them: I am asking this about this man, If he lied to me, then they lied to him. By God, had it not been for shame that they would influence me with a lie, I would have lied about him, Then the first thing he asked me about was that he said: How is his lineage among you? I said: He among us is of lineage. He said: Has any of you ever said this saying before him? I said: No. He said: Were there any kings among his forefathers? I said no. He said: He said: So the noble people follow him or the weak ones? I said: Rather, the weak ones. He said: Do they increase or decrease? I said: Rather, they increase. He said: does any of them apostate out of discontent with his religion after entering it? I said: No. He said: So were you accusing him of lying before he said: What he said: I said: No, He said: Is he treacherous? I said no, and we are from him in a period that we do not know what he is doing in it, did you fight him? I said: Yes. He said: How was your fight against him? I said: The war between us and him is a debate that gets us and we get him. He said: What does he order you? I said: He says worship God alone and do not associate anything with Him and leave what your fathers say and commands us to pray, truthfulness, chastity and connection, He said to the interpreter: Tell him, “I asked you about his lineage, and you mentioned that he is a lineage among you.” Likewise, messengers are sent about the lineage of their people, and I asked you: does one of you said this saying, so I mentioned that no, so I said if someone had said this saying before him, I would have said: a man follows a saying that was said before him, and I asked you whether any of his forefathers had a king, and you mentioned that no. I said: If one of his forefathers was a king, you would say: A man is asking for his father’s king, and I asked you: Were you accusing him of lying before he said: What he said: so I mentioned that no, because I knew that he would not abandon lying to people and lie about God, and I asked you whether the noble people followed him or the weak ones, so you mentioned that their weak ones followed him and they are the followers of the messengers, and I asked you whether they increase or decrease, so you mentioned that they increase, and so is the matter of faith until it is complete, and I asked you whether anyone apostates out of discontent with his religion after he enters into it, So I mentioned that no, and so is faith when it mixes with hearts, and I asked you if He betrays, so you mentioned that no, and likewise the messengers do not betray, and I asked you what he commands you, and you mentioned that he commands you to worship God and not associate anything with Him, and he forbids you to worship idols, and he commands you to pray, speak the truth, and chastity. If what you say is true, He will possess this place of my feet, and I knew that he was emerging, I did not think that he was from you, so if I knew that I could reach him, I would have rushed to meet him, and if I were with him, I would have washed his feet. Then he called for the book of the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, which he sent Dihyah to the great of Busra, and he handed it to Heraclius, so he read it, and found in it: In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad Abdullah and His Messenger to Heraclius, the Great of Rome, Peace be upon those who follow the guidance, but to proceed, I invite you with the propaganda of Islam, enter Islam, may God reward you twice, If you take over the sin of the Ares and {O People of the Book, come to an equitable word between us and you That we worship none but God, that we associate nothing with Him, and that we do not take others as lords, that we worship none but God, that we associate nothing with Him, and that we do not take others as lords instead of God, and if they turn away, then say, Bear witness that we are Muslims), Abu Sufyan said, when he said: What he said and finished reading the book, the clamor became loud and the voices rose, and we were expelled, and I said to my companions when we were expelled: Ibn Abi Kabshah has commanded that the king of Banu Al-Asfar fears him, I was still certain that he would appear until God introduced Islam to me, and Ibn al-Nadur was the owner of Elijah and Heraclius, as a bishop over the Christians of Levant, it is said that when Heraclius came to Elijah, he became one day of evil spirit, Some of his patriarchs said, "We have denounced your appearance." Ibn al-Nadur said, "Hercules was a sage looking at the stars. When they asked him, he said to them, 'I saw tonight when I looked at the stars, the king of circumcision, It has appeared, and whoever of this nation is circumcised, they said, “Only the Jews are circumcised, so do not care about them, and write to the cities of your possession, and they kill all the Jews among them, so while they were on their command, Heraclius came with a man sent by the King of Ghassan, telling about the news of the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him when Heraclius asked him, he said, “Go and see whether he is circumcised or not.” Then they looked at him and told him that he was circumcised, and he asked him about the Arabs, He said, "They are circumcised." Heraclius said, "This is the king of this nation. He has appeared." Then Heraclius wrote to his friend in Rome, and he was his counterpart in knowledge. Then Heraclius marched to Homs, He did not attack Homs until he received a letter from his friend agreeing with Heraclius' opinion that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, had come out and that he was a prophet, then he commanded that its doors be closed, then he looked out, and he said: O people of Rome, do you have success and guidance, and that your king is established? So they swore allegiance to this prophet, so they seized the donkey's share to the gates, They found it closed, and when Heraclius saw their aversion and despair of faith, he said, “Return them to me, And he said: I said: My article above, to test your strength in your religion, for I have seen, So they prostrated to him and were satisfied with him, and that was the last matter of Heraclius.
Some quick points about the hadith
1 - King Heraclius asked - Abu Sufyan - about Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace, and he began his dialogue that Abu Sufyan would not lie to him, Otherwise, he would lie to the Messenger of God in the same way, then he repeated his words to him again, (King Heraclius repeated the words to Abu Sufyan) to make sure that he is not lying to him, Because if he was a liar, he would have hesitated the second time when repeating his words to him... (The method of Kings in the old).
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