وَقَالُواْ كُونُواْ هُودًا أَوۡ نَصَٰرَىٰ تَهۡتَدُواْۗ قُلۡ بَلۡ مِلَّةَ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ حَنِيفٗاۖ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ (135)عن ابن عباس قال
قال عبد الله بن صوريا الأعور لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ما الهدى إلا ما نحن عليه، فاتبعنا يا محمد تهتدي، قالت النصارى، فأنزل الله تعالى فيهم: {وَقَالُوا كُونُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى تَهْتَدُوا}
قال أبو جعفر
الملة دين
إذا كان الأمر كذلك، فمعنى الكلمة
قل يا محمد بل نتبع ملة إبراهيم حنيفًا.
سئل الحسن عن الحنيفية
قال: حج البيت
عن مجاهد قال
الحنيف الحج
وقال غيره
الاستقامة
الصدق
قُولُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ وَٱلۡأَسۡبَاطِ وَمَآ أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ وَمَآ أُوتِيَ ٱلنَّبِيُّونَ مِن رَّبِّهِمۡ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيۡنَ أَحَدٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ وَنَحۡنُ لَهُۥ مُسۡلِمُونَ (136)فلا بد أن يتناقضوا في أخبارهم وأوامرهم ونهائهم، كما هو معلوم من تحري أحوال كل أحد، ومعرفة ما يدعون إليه، حيث بيَّن تعالى كل ما يؤمن به عامة وخاصة، ولم يقم القول مقام العمل، فقال: {وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ} أي: خاضعون لعظمته، خاضعون لعبادته، ظاهراً وباطناً، مخلصون لعبادته.
وإذا أردت أن تعرف نموذجاً يوضح لك الفرق بين صبغة الله والأصباغ الأخرى، فقس الشيء بنقيضه.
نظرة على الآية
لها تفسيران
أولاً
الكروموسوم
الكروموسومات هي هياكل توجد في مركز (نواة) الخلايا تحمل قطعاً طويلة من الحمض النووي DNA، والحمض النووي DNA هو المادة التي تحتوي على الجينات، وهو اللبنة الأساسية لجسم الإنسان، كما تحتوي الكروموسومات على بروتينات تساعد الحمض النووي على الوجود بالشكل السليم.
الشاهد مما تقدم
كلمة كروموسوم في اللغة العربية تعني الكروموسومات، وهي كما قرأت هياكل تقع في مركز النواة، تحتوي على جزء كبير من الحمض النووي، والحمض النووي هو الذي يحمل جيناتنا وأشكالنا وكل ميراثنا، وفسر بعض العلماء الصبغة بأنها فطرية، فنحن فطريون في الإسلام وموروثة في خلايانا، الإسلام يعني: الخضوع لسلطة أعلى من كل شيء، أي الله، وخاصة في أوقات الشدائد، في حياتنا العادية لا نشعر بهذا، بل حتى الملحد في الشدائد، يطلب المساعدة من سلطة أعلى منه، إذا وقع أحد أبنائه الأعزاء مرضاً شديداً، أو غرقاً أو أي من مصاعب الحياة، والله أعلى وأعلم.
ثانياً
(صباغة) في اللغة
تلوين شيء
أي إطلاق الصبغ على عادات الناس وأخلاقهم
و(صباغة) اليهود
اسم للماء الذي يغتسل به اليهود علامة التوبة لغفران الذنوب، وأصله عندهم الوضوء، وهو فرض في التوراة على الكاهن، إذا أراد أن يقدم قرباناً كفارة عن ذنب عن نفسه أو عن أهل بيته، والوضوء الذي يتوضأ به الكاهن أيضاً في عيد الكفارة عن خطايا بني إسرائيل كل عام.
الصبغ عند النصارى
وإذا أرادوا أن يساعدوا أولادهم وضعوهم في الماء زاعمين أن هذا يقدسهم، وتسمية ماء المعمودية (صبغاً) أو الاغتسال به استعارة مبنية على تشبيه وهمي، إذ تصوروا أن المعمودية تعطي المعمد صفة النصرانية، وتصبغه بلونها، كما تصبغ الصباغة الثوب المصبوغ.
والذي ذهب إليه جمهور المفسرين أن المراد بـ (صبغة الله)
دين الله. إنه الإسلام، وهو الفطرة
المعنى
التزم بدين الله، وأقمه كاملاً، بكل أعماله الظاهرة والباطنة، وبكل عقائده في كل وقت، لتكون لك صبغة وصفات من صفاتك، فإن كانت من صفاتك، فإنه يوجب عليك التسليم لأوامره طوعاً وطوعاً ومحبة، ويصبح الدين لك طبيعة بمنزلة الصبغ الكامل للثوب الذي صار صفة، فنلت سعادة الدنيا والآخرة، حاثاً الدين على مكارم الأخلاق، وحسن العمل، وحسن الشأن.
وأما قوله تعالى: (وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ صِبْغًا)
فهو جواب لما قاله اليهود والنصارى للنبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه الذين آمنوا به: (كُونُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى تَهْتَدُوا)، فأمر تعالى نبيه محمدًا صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يقول لهم: بل اتبعوا ملة إبراهيم صِبْغَةَ اللَّهِ، وهي خير صِبْغَةٍ، فهي حنيفية الإسلام، ودعوا الشرك بالله والخروج عن هديه.
قُلۡ أَتُحَآجُّونَنَا فِي ٱللَّهِ وَهُوَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمۡ وَلَنَآ أَعۡمَٰلُنَا وَلَكُمۡ أَعۡمَٰلُكُمۡ وَنَحۡنُ لَهُۥ مُخۡلِصُونَ (139)الجدال هو
جدال بين اثنين أو أكثر، يتعلق بقضايا خلافية، بحيث يريد كل من المتعارضين أن يؤيد قوله، ويبطل قول خصمه، فيجتهد كل منهم في إقامة الحجة على ذلك.
والمطلوب منهم
أن يكونوا على أحسن وجه، وأقرب طريق لرد الضالين إلى الحق، وإقامة الحجة على المعاندين، فيبين الحق ويدل على الباطل، فإذا حادت عن هذه الأمور كانت مخاصمة وخصومة لا خير فيها، وقد أحدثت من الشر ما أحدثته.
نظرة حول الآية
أنواع المناظرة: محمودة ومذمومة، ليس هذا موضعه، بل معنى الآية الكريمة متصل بالآيات السابقة: أي: يقول المؤمنون الموحدون بالله (المسلمين) لمن يحاججكم من أهل الكتاب: أتحاجوننا في الله وهو ربنا وربكم بالطبيعة، أقررتم بذلك أم لم تقروا؟ لنا أعمالنا، ولكم أعمالكم، أي: لا تسألون عن أعمالنا، ولا نسأل عن أعمالكم، ونحن مخلصون لله وحده في العبودية لا أحد غيره -سبحانه-
2- بدأ الجدال من بداية ما قاله اليهود والنصارى (كُونُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى تَهْتَدُوا)، فمر الله -تعالى- عليهم خطوات.
الخطوة الأولى
تصحيح الأقوال (قُلْ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ... إِلَى آخِرِ الْأَيَّامِ)
الخطوة الثانية
تبرأ منهم إن لم يؤمنوا بما نؤمن به
الخطوة الثالثة
إظهار طبيعة الله أو الصبغة في الخلايا تدعو إلى إله واحد
الخطوة الرابعة
هنا في الآية: الجدال حول الله
الخطوة الخامسة
في الآية التالية (كَتْمِ شَهَادَةِ الْحَقِّ الَّتِي يَعْلَمُونَهَا جَيِّدًا، وَهُوَ خَاتَمُ الْرِسَالَةِ بِمُحَمَّدٍ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) وبهذه الخطوات البلاغية والعقائدية، وتصحيح الأقوال (فالقدر موكل بالمنطق) وتصحيح العقائد، وتبرئة المخالفين، أكمل الله الحجة عليهم بعد أن بدأوا الحجة على المسلمين، والله أعلى وأعلم.
أَمۡ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبۡرَاهِـۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ وَالۡأَسۡبَاطَ كَانُواْ هُودًا أَوۡ نَصَرَىۗ قُلۡ ءأَنتُمۡ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ. ٱللَّهُۗ وَمَنۡ أَظۡلَمُ مِمَّن كَتَمَ شَهَدَةً عِندَهُۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَمَا ٱللهُ بِغَفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ (١٤٠)عن قتادة
إن الذين أوتوا الكتاب كتموا الإسلام وهم يعلمون أنه دين الله الله، واتخذوا اليهودية والنصرانية، وكتموا محمداً صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهم يعلمون أنه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ويجدونه مكتوباً في التوراة والإنجيل.
تِلۡكَ أُمَّةٞ قَدۡ خَلَتۡۖ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتۡ وَلَكُم ما كَسَبۡتُمۡۖ وَلَا تُسۡـَٔلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ (141)الآية مكررة
قطع التعلق بالمخلوق، وأن الاتكال عليه هو ما اتسم به الإنسان، وليس من عمل أجداده وآبائه. إن النفع الحقيقي يكون بالأفعال لا بالانتماء المجرد للرجال، وزعموا أنهم يهود أو نصارى، ولكنهم كذبوا: إن إبراهيم وإسماعيل وإسحاق ويعقوب والأسباط أمة قد خلت - أي: من بعدهم. فقد مضت سبيلها فأقبلت على ربها وتركت أعمالها وآمالها لها عند الله ما اكتسبت من الخير في أيام حياتها ولها ما اكتسبت من الشر. أيها اليهود والنصارى.
وَقَالُواْ كُونُواْ هُودًا أَوۡ نَصَٰرَىٰ تَهۡتَدُواْۗ قُلۡ بَلۡ مِلَّةَ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ حَنِيفٗاۖ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ (135)
And they said, "Be a Jew or a Christian, and you are guided, say, "Yes, the religion of Ibrahiham, Hanifah, and he was not of the polytheists (135)
On the authority of Ibn Abbas said
Abdullah bin Suriya Al-Awar said to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace: The guidance is nothing but what we are upon! So follow us, O Muhammad, you will be guided, the Christians said so. So God Almighty revealed about them: “And they said, ‘Be Jews or Christians, and you will be guided.
Abu Jaafar said
Millah, religion
If so, then the meaning of the word
Say, O Muhammad, rather we follow the path of Abraham upright.
Al-Hasan was asked about “Hanifism”
He said: Pilgrimage to the House
About Mujahid said
Al-Hanif Hajj
Others said
straightforwardness
sincere
قُولُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡنَا وَمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ وَٱلۡأَسۡبَاطِ وَمَآ أُوتِيَ مُوسَىٰ وَعِيسَىٰ وَمَآ أُوتِيَ ٱلنَّبِيُّونَ مِن رَّبِّهِمۡ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيۡنَ أَحَدٖ مِّنۡهُمۡ وَنَحۡنُ لَهُۥ مُسۡلِمُونَ (136)
Say, "We believe in God and in what was revealed to us and in what was revealed to Abraham, and Ismael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and Al-Asbat, and what was given to Moses and Jesus, and what was given to the prophets from their Lord, we make no diffrenate between any of them, and to Him we are Muslims (136)
They must contradict each other in their news, commands, and prohibitions, as is known from the investigation of the conditions of everyone, and knowing what they call for, when the Almighty clarified everything that one believes in, in general and in particular, and speech did not replace action, He said: “And we are His Muslims,” that is, we submit to His greatness, submit to His worship, Inwardly and outwardly, we are devoted to worshiping Him.
فَإِنۡ ءَامَنُواْ بِمِثۡلِ مَآ ءَامَنتُم بِهِۦ فَقَدِ ٱهۡتَدَواْۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَإِنَّمَا هُمۡ فِي شِقَاقٖۖ فَسَيَكۡفِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّهُۚ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ (137)
If they believe in what you believe in, they have been guided, and if they turn away, they are only in dissension, Allah will suffice you from them and He is the Hearing, the Knowing (137)
Abu Jaafar said
The Highest means mentioning him by saying: “God will suffice you.” So God will suffice you, O Muhammad, those who said to you and your companions: Be Jews or Christians, and you will be guided, of the Jews and Christians, if they turn away from believing in the same faith as your companions in God, and in what was revealed to you, and in what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, and the rest of the prophets other than them, what they say to you with their tongues, and reveal to you with their mouths, from ignorance and supplication to disbelief and misguided boredom - “The All-Knowing” of what they conceal for you and your faithful companions within themselves, of envy and hatred. So God did that to them sooner and fulfilled His promise, so His Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, sufficed, by his power over them, until he killed some of them, expelled some, humiliated and disgraced others with tribute and minors.
صِبۡغَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَنۡ أَحۡسَنُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ صِبۡغَةٗۖ وَنَحۡنُ لَهُۥ عَٰبِدُونَ (138)
The dye of God, and who is better than Allah's dye, and we worship Him (138)
And if you want to know a model that shows you the difference between God’s dye and other dyes, then mesure the thing with its opposite.
A look at the verse
It has two interpretations
first
The chromosome
Chromosomes are structures found in the center (nucleus) of cells that hold long pieces of DNA. DNA is the material that contains genes, It is the basic building block of the human body. Chromosomes also contain proteins that help DNA exist in the proper form.
The witness from the foregoing
The word chromosome in Arabic means chromosomes, which, as I read, are structures located in the center of the nucleus, which contain a large part of the DNA, and the DNA is what carries our genes, our forms, and all our inheritance, and some scholars interpreted the dye as innate, so we are innate in Islam and inherited in our cells, Islam means: submission to a higher authority than everything, that is God, especially in times of adversity, In our ordinary lives we do not feel this, but even an atheist in adversity, He asks for help from a higher authority than himself, if one of his dear children falls severe ill, or drowning or any of the hardships of life, and God is Most High and Knows.
second
(dye) in the language
Color something
Which
Launching dye on the people's habit and morals
And (dye) of the Jews is
A name for the water with which the Jews bathe as a sign of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. The basis for it, according to them, is ablution, which was imposed in the Torah on the priest, If he wants to offer an offering as an expiation for sin on behalf of himself or on behalf of his household, and the ablution that the priest also takes on the Feast of atonement for the sins of the Children of Israel every year.
The dye at the Christians
If they want to help their children, they put them in water claiming that this sanctifies them, and calling (dye) the water of baptism, or washing with it is a metaphor based on an imaginary analogy, as they imagined that baptism gives the baptized person the characteristic of Christianity, and paints him with its color, as dyeing dyes a dyed garment.
And what the majority of commentators went to is that what is meant by (the dye of God) is
God's religion. It is Islam, and it is instinct
the meaning
Adhere to the religion of God, and establish it completely, with all its outward and inward actions, and all its doctrines at all times, so that you may have a dye and one of your attributes, If it is one of your attributes, then He obliges you to submit to His commands, voluntarily, voluntarily, and lovingly, and religion becomes a nature for you in the position of the complete dyeing of a garment that has become an attribute, so you attained worldly and hereafter happiness, urging religion to honorable morals, good deeds, and lofty affairs.
As for the saying of the Almighty: (And who is better than Allah in dyeing)
It is an answer to what the Jews and Christians said to the Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and his companions who believed in him: (Be Jews or Christians, and you will be guided), so the Almighty commanded His Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, to say to them: Rather, follow the religion of Abraham, the dye of God, which is the best dye, for it is the Hanifiyyah of Islam, and they called upon associating partners with God and deviating from the pilgrimage of His guidance.
قُلۡ أَتُحَآجُّونَنَا فِي ٱللَّهِ وَهُوَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّكُمۡ وَلَنَآ أَعۡمَٰلُنَا وَلَكُمۡ أَعۡمَٰلُكُمۡ وَنَحۡنُ لَهُۥ مُخۡلِصُونَ (139)
Say, Do you dispute with us about God? He is our Lord and your Lord, and we do our work, and you have your work, and to Him we are sincere (139)
argument is
Argument between two or more, related to contentious issues, so that each of the opponents wants to support his saying, and invalidating the saying of his opponent, each of them strives to establish the argument for that.
and required of them
To be in the best way, in the closest way to return the lost to the truth, and to establish the argument against the obstinate, He clarifies the truth and shows the falsehood. If you deviate from these matters, then it is a contest and a quarrel in which there is no good, and it caused as much evil as it did.
A look at the verse
Types of debate: praiseworthy and reprehensible is not the place here, but the meaning of the noble verse is connected to the previous verses: that is, the believers who are monotheists in God (Muslims), say to those who argue with you among the People of the Book: Do you argue with us about God, and He is our Lord and your Lord by nature, whether you acknowledge this or not? We have our deeds, and you have yours, that is, you will not be asked about our deeds, and we will not be asked about your deeds, and we are sincere to God and alone in servitude to no one else - glory be to Him -
2 - The argument began from the beginning of what the Jews and Christians said (Be Jews or Christians, and you will be guided), so God - the Almighty - passed them by steps.
The first step
Correction of sayings (Say we believe in God...to the end of the verse)
The second step
Disavow them if they do not believe in what we believe in
The third step
Demonstrating the nature of God or the dye in the cells calls for one God
The fourth step
Here in the verse: arguing about God
The fifth step
In the next verse (concealing the testimony of truth that they know well, which is the sealing of the message with Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace) and with these rhetorical and dogmatic steps, and correcting sayings (for destiny is entrusted with logic) and correcting beliefs, and exonerating those who contradict, God has completed the argument against them after they started the argument against the Muslims, and God is Most High and Knows.
أَمۡ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ وَٱلۡأَسۡبَاطَ كَانُواْ هُودًا أَوۡ نَصَٰرَىٰۗ قُلۡ ءَأَنتُمۡ أَعۡلَمُ أَمِ ٱللَّهُۗ وَمَنۡ أَظۡلَمُ مِمَّن كَتَمَ شَهَٰدَةً عِندَهُۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَمَا ٱللَّهُ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ (140)
Or do you say that their Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Al Asbat were Jews or Christians, say: Do you know better or God? And who is more unjust than he who conceals testimony from God, and God is not unmindful of what you do (140)
About Qatada
Those people of the Book concealed Islam while they knew that it is the religion of God, and they took Judaism and Christianity, and they concealed Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and they know that he is the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and they find him written in the Torah and the Gospel.
تِلۡكَ أُمَّةٞ قَدۡ خَلَتۡۖ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتۡ وَلَكُم مَّا كَسَبۡتُمۡۖ وَلَا تُسۡـَٔلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ (141)
This is a nation that has left behind what it has earned, And for you is what you have earned, and you will not be asked about what they used to do (141)
The verse is repeated
To sever attachment to the creatures, and that the dependent on him is what characterized man, not the work of his ancestors and fathers. The real benefit is through deeds, not through the abstract affiliation of men, and they claimed that they were Jews or Christians, but they lied: Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes are a nation that has passed away - that is, it has gone its way - so it turned to its Lord, and has abandoned its deeds and hopes, it has with God what it has earned of good in the days of its life, and it has what it has earned of evil. Know, O Jews and Christians.
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