The date
The Battle of Banu Qaynuqa occurred less than a month after the Muslim victory in the Battle of Badr. The Muslim siege of the Jews in their fortresses began on Saturday in the month of Shawwal in the second year of the Hijra, The siege continued for two weeks until the Jews came under Muslim rule, and that was when the crescent of Dhul-Qi'dah appeared.
The background of the invasion
Within Medina, there were three Jewish tribes
Banu Qaynuqa tribe
Banu Nadir tribe
And the Banu Qurayza tribe
In the north of Medina, there is a huge Jewish community, the Khaybar community
The Messenger of God established a treaty with the Jews
and they repeatedly tried to violate these treaties and to break the covenant, and they spoke a lot of bad things, not only about, (The Companions, not only on the authority of the Messenger of God, but on the authority of the Lord of the Worlds) they spoke greatly in these words, but the Messenger was restrained and controlled as much as possible to prevent the companions from direct clashes with the Jews, because the situation in Medina was not stable, but after the victory of the Messenger and the Muslims at Badr, He returned, raising his head with pride, strength, and courage, there is no doubt that this terrified most of the Arabian Peninsula, but the reaction of the Jews was strange,
In particular, the reaction of the Banu Qaynuqa was extremely violent
In Sunan Abu Dawud, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, he said: “When the Messenger of God attacked Quraysh on the day of Badr, He arrived at the city and gathered the Jews in the market of Banu Qaynuqa, He said: “O Jews, submit to Islam before something like what happened to Quraysh befalls you, They said: O Muhammad, do not be deceived by yourself because you killed a group of Quraysh, They were fools who did not know how to fight, If you had fought us, you would have known that we are the people, and that you would not have met anyone like us, this is a clear and explicit declaration of war by the Jews, and a clear and clear violation of the provisions of the treaty that stipulates stopping the war between the two sects, rather, it makes it obligatory for the Jews to support the Muslims in their war against those who invade Medina, Whether from Quraish or from others, these are the beginnings of major divisions within Al - Medina, they declare that they are ready to fight the Messenger, threatening him with that, put all of this together with the positions of the Jews during the two years preceding this position of continuous denial, And false claims against Muslims, against the verses of God, and the words of the Beloved, when the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa said these words, God revealed clear verses about that clarifying the relationship between Muslims and Jews.: During the coming period, God Almighty said:
( قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ المِهَادُ} [آل عمران:12
(Say to those who disbelieve, “You will be defeated and gathered into Hell and evil is the resting place} [Al Imran: 12
It was the real reason for the siege of Banu Qaynuqa
That a Muslim woman went to one of the Jewish goldsmiths, the Jews tricked her in the market into revealing her face, but she refused to do so, one of the Jews held her clothes at her back so that when she stood up, her private parts would be exposed. The Jews laughed at that, and one of the Muslims who were in the market supported her, He killed the Jew who did that to her, The Jews became angry because of this, so they killed the Muslim, and when the Prophet - peace be upon him - learned of the news, He besieged the Jews in their fortresses for fifteen nights, until they surrendered and came under his rule.
When will the siege on Banu Qaynuqa be lifted?
Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul interceded and urged him to do so, claiming that they were his loyalists, the Prophet left them when he saw his insistence on this and evacuated them to the Adhraat region of the Levant, the Muslims seized their money, and they had no lands. Because they were just goldsmiths in the city's markets.
The position of Ubadah ibn al-Samit towards the Jews of Banu Qaynuqa
The great companion Ubadah ibn al-Samit had a great position in the Battle of Banu Qaynuqa, He disavowed the Jews even though many of them were loyal to him, He chose to be in the side of God and His Messenger, and the words of God Almighty were revealed about him:
(يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ)
(O you who have believed, do not take the Jews and Christians as allies, some of them are allies of others, and whoever of you is allies them, then he is one of them, indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.)
These verses were revealed about Banu Qaynuqa:
{قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ وَاللهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لأُولِي الأَبْصَارِ} [آل عمران:13)
{Indeed, there has been a sign for you in two groups has met, one group fights in the way of God and another group is infidels, they see them as they see with their own eyes, and God supports whom He wills with His victory, Indeed, in that is a lesson for those with insight.} [Al Imran: 13]
Because the Jews' insight was completely obscured, they did not understand these verses and did not care about them, this was the situation between Jews and Muslims, and the matter did not stop there, but rather the matter escalated.
The evacuation of Banu Qaynuqa
Choosing the appropriate timing for the decision. The Messenger of God did not take this serious and strong stance with the Jews, not after being completely reassured of the economic and military strength of the Muslims, the Muslim army relies entirely on its members, It does not depend on external aid, nor on any aid from outside the Muhajireen and Ansar. The Islamic market has become present and strong while trade was previously in the Bani Qaynuqa market, the water also became the property of Muslims, whereas it had previously belonged to the Jews, we all know the story of Rumah Well. While Abdullah bin Abi bin Salul, the leader of the hypocrites, relied on the Jews for his protection, this situation qualified the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, to take the decision to go to war easily.
The Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not tolerate the Jews at all after their stance towards Muslim women
And with the Muslim man who was killed, and what the Jews did was a clear violation of the treaty concluded between them and the Messenger of God, If the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, remained silent about the Jews’ violation of the treaty time after time; The Jews will undoubtedly increase their arrogance and enter another stage of mockery of the Islamic State and the dignity of the Islamic nation, the strength of the relationship between Jews and hypocrites. They do not differ from Muslims in their names and appearance, However, they deal with the Jews with the utmost fervor and force, This is because they conceal disbelief and reveal Islam, the Jews took advantage of this relationship in the days of the Messenger of God and after his days, and until our time now and until the Day of Resurrection, a strong and certain relationship between the Jews and the hypocrites, this is what God told us in His book in a very clear and amazing way.