مرحباً بك في موقع قلم إسلامي (في هذا الموقع لن تجد ملف واحد تقريبا إلا مدعم بدراسة علمية أو نفسية) تمنياتي بقضاء وقت مفيد Welcome to the Islamic Pen website (on this website you will hardly find a single file that is not supported by a scientific or psychological study). I hope you spend a useful time
هي طائفة من طوائف الصوفية
مؤسسها
الشيخ محمد بهاء الدين شاه نقشبند المتوفى سنة (791 هـ) ويزعم بعضهم أنه لُقِّب بـ "نقش بند" لأنه من كثرة ذكره لله تعالى، أصبح اسم الله تعالى منقوشا على ظاهر قلبه، ولا نعلم كيف اطلعوا على قلبه
أين تنتشر الطريقة النقشبندية؟
تنتشر هذه الطائفة في عدد من البلدان وبالأخص في تركيا وبلاد الشام والعراق
معتقدات هذه الطريقة
1- يعتقدون أن طريقتهم يرجع سندها إلى أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه: ويزعمون أنه تم تناقل مبادئ الطريقة ، عن أبي بكر رضي الله عنه ، عبر عدد من الأعلام ، كجعفر الصادق، إلى أن وصلت إلى محمد بهاء الدين شاه نقشبند، ومثل هذه الأسانيد التي يدّعيها النقشبنديون هي أسانيد منكرة مكذوبة ، في ميزان النقد ، ووفقاء لقواعد التصحيح والتضعيف التي أجمع عليها أهل العلم.
2- هذه الطريقة يكثر فيها المصطلحات الأعجمية التي لا ينطق بمثلها سلفنا الصالح، مما يدل على أنها موضوعة في العصور المتأخرة، ولا علاقة لها بالصحابة والتابعين ومن تبعهم بإحسان.
3- يزعمون أن (نقشبند) هذا كان يجتمع بأرواح بعض من سبقه من الشيوخ ، ويأخذ منهم الولاية والعهد ويزعمون هذا لغيره من شيوخهم، ويطلقون على هذه الحالة المزعومة مصطلح "الأويسية".
4- لهم اعتقاد خاص في ذكر الله تعالى لم يرد به كتاب ولا سنة، فهجروا سنة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الِّذكْر: فهم يعتقدون أن الِّذكْر يكون خفيا ، بدون استعمال اللسان ، ومع تغميض العينين، وبجلوس معيّن، مع حبس النفس، وتخيّل أن القلب له لسان يذكر الله ، ويردد ما يعتقدونه من الأذكار.وهذا مخالف للذكر المشروع، فالمتقرر الثابت في الشرع ، والذي تضافرت عليه أدلة الكتاب والسنة؛ هو أن الذكر يكون باللسان؛ كما يشير حديث عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُسْرٍ رضي الله عنه: أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ! إِنَّ شَرَائِعَ الإِسْلَامِ قَدْ كَثُرَتْ عَلَيَّ، فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِشَيْءٍ أَتَشَبَّثُ بِهِ قَالَ: لَا يَزَالُ لِسَانُكَ رَطْبًا مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ " رواه الترمذي (3375) ووضعوا للمريد ما سموه بـ "الرابطة" ، وزعموا أنه بها يصل إلى الله تعالى.
5- هذه الطريقة مبناها على ربط قلب من يتبع هذه الطريقة بغير الله تعالى وهو الشيخ، فزعموا أن المريد لا يصل إلى الله ولا يصل إليه التوفيق من الله إلا بواسطة شيخه. وطريقتها: أن يغمض الشخص المريد عينيه ويلصق اللسان بسقف الحلق والأسنان بالأسنان والشفة بالشفة، ويستحضر صورة الشيخ ويتصورها في جبهته، وعليه أن يتصور أن الشيخ واسطة بينه وبين الله، ويعتقد أن الشيخ يتلقى من الله تعالى مباشرة بلا واسطة، وفي الإسلام: لا واسطة بين العبد وبين الله تعالى؛ حيث قال الله تعالى:
وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ البقرة/186 .
وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ، وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ، فَأَكْثِرُوا الدُّعَاءَ رواه مسلم (482).
6 - يشتهر عندهم الذكر بالاسم المفرد وذلك بترديد كلمة "الله" أو الضمير "هو"وهو ذكر غير مشروع؛ فمجرد ترديد لفظ "الله" أو "هو" لا معنى له ولا فائدة منه
7- من طرق عباداتهم (الخلوة) ، وأقلها ثلاثة أيام ، وأكثرها أربعون يوما ، يتعود فيها الشخص على السهر والجوع والذكر على طريقتهم، ويغلق عليه باب الخلوة فلا يفتحها إلا للشيخ، ولا يدخل الخلوة إلا بعد استئذانه أيضا. وهي ليست من شعائر دين الإسلام في شيء ولا يصح الاستدلال على جوازها بتحنث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في غار حراء قبل بعثته، والنبي صلي الله عليه وسلم من حين نبأه الله تعالى لم يصعد بعد ذلك إلى غار حراء ، ولا خلفاؤه الراشدون، إنما سُنّة المسلمين في الخلوات : هي الاعتكاف في المساجد ، وحضور الجمع والجماعات مع المسلمين.
8- الغلو في مشايخهم، وتعظيم قبورهم. يعتقدون في شيوخهم بعض صفات الربوبية ، كالنفع والضر وعلم الغيب، قال الله تعالى آمرا رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: قُلْ لَا أَمْلِكُ لِنَفْسِي نَفْعًا وَلَا ضَرًّا إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ لَاسْتَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَمَا مَسَّنِيَ السُّوءُ إِنْ أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ الأعراف /188
9- ولهم آداب معينة في معاملة الشيخ، يُلزمون الأتباع بها، ومن يخالفها فيزعمون أنه محروم، فيلزم التابع أن يتبع الشيخ، ويرهبون الناس بأن من لا يتخذ شيخا فهو ضال؛ لأن شيخه سيكون الشيطان، وإذا اتبع الشخص شيخا من شيوخهم ، فأول واجب عليه، هو أن يقدم البيعة التي تجعله ملزما بطاعة شيخه في كل ما يأمر به.
10 – تتبع الشيخ ولو في شيء يراه محرما، ويكون كما يقول الصوفية: كالميت بين يدي غاسله.، والشرع لم يبح الطاعة إلا في المعروف. عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قال: لاَ طَاعَةَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ، إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي المَعْرُوف - رواه البخاري (7257) ، ومسلم (1840).
11- يحتجب الشيخ عن أتباعه، فلا يدخلون عليه إلا بإذنه، ولا يدخل عليه إلا أناس معينون من خاصته، ولا يرونه أثناء أكل أو شرب أو نوم وسائر أموره الشخصية، حتى لا تسقط حرمة الشيخ على حد زعمهم. وهم بهذا خالفوا هدي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ورسل الله الكرام .وقال الله تعالي( وَقَالُوا مَالِ هَذَا الرَّسُولِ يَأْكُلُ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشِي فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ لَوْلَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فَيَكُونَ مَعَهُ نَذِيرًا الفرقان/7
12 - يرون للتابع لهم أن يهجر أهل العلم والفقه، ولا يلقي سمعه إلا لمشايخ الطريقة الذين يغلب عليهم الجهل بالشرع .
ويغلب على هذه الطريقة كما هو الحال في الغلاة من الصوفيه احتقار العلم والعلماء؛ لذا لا يكاد يوجد بينهم أهل العلم المشهود لهم بالتمكّن والذين يمكن الرجوع إليهم في معرفة الأحكام الشرعية وأحكام الحوادث المستجدة.، وهذا منهي عنه في الإسلام فعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ العَاصِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَقْبِضُ العِلْمَ انْتِزَاعًا يَنْتَزِعُهُ مِنَ العِبَادِ، وَلَكِنْ يَقْبِضُ العِلْمَ بِقَبْضِ العُلَمَاءِ، حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يُبْقِ عَالِمًا اتَّخَذَ النَّاسُ رُءُوسًا جُهَّالًا، فَسُئِلُوا فَأَفْتَوْا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ، فَضَلُّوا وَأَضَلُّوا رواه البخاري (100) ، ومسلم (2673).
13 - الاطلاع على عالم الغيب، فهو أعظم غاياتهم: ويكفي لبيان بطلان هذا المقصد قصة أبي بكر رضي الله عنه الذي ينتسبون إليه كذبا.عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ، قَالَ: " كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَوَعَظَنَا، فَذَكَّرَ النَّارَ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ جِئْتُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَضَاحَكْتُ الصِّبْيَانَ وَلَاعَبْتُ الْمَرْأَةَ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: وَأَنَا قَدْ فَعَلْتُ مِثْلَ مَا تَذْكُرُ، فَلَقِينَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَافَقَ حَنْظَلَةُ. فَقَالَ: مَهْ.فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِالْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَأَنَا قَدْ فَعَلْتُ مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلَ فَقَالَ: يَا حَنْظَلَةُ! سَاعَةً وَسَاعَةً، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ تَكُونُ قُلُوبُكُمْ كَمَا تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الذِّكْرِ، لَصَافَحَتْكُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، حَتَّى تُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الطُّرُقِ رواه مسلم (2750).فهؤلاء هم أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وأجل الناس بعد الأنبياء ، وأتقاهم لله ، وأعلمهم بالله . ومع ذلك ، فالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يأمرهم بالسعي لمصافحة الملائكة، بل أرشدهم إلى السبيل الذي يجعلهم لا يملون ولا يضيعون حقا من الحقوق، لأن الدنيا مجال للعمل.
Its founder
Sheikh Muhammad Baha' al-Din Shah Naqshband, who died in 791 AH. Some claim that he was given the nickname "Naqshband" because his frequent remembrance of God Almighty made the name of God Almighty inscribed on the surface of his heart. We do not know how they accessed his heart.
It is a Sufi sect
Where is the Naqshbandi order widespread?
This sect is widespread in several countries, particularly Türkiye, the Levant, and Iraq.
The beliefs of this sect
1. They believe that their order traces its chain of transmission back to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him). They claim that the principles of the order were transmitted from Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) through a number of prominent figures, such as Ja'far al-Sadiq, until they reached Muhammad Baha' al-Din Shah Naqshband. Such chains of transmission claimed by the Naqshbandis are considered fabrications and false, both critically and according to the rules of authentication and weakening agreed upon by scholars.
2- This method frequently uses foreign terms that were not used by our righteous predecessors, indicating that it was invented in later times and has no connection to the Companions, the Followers, or those who followed them in righteousness.
3- They claim that this Naqshbandi used to meet with the spirits of some of the sheikhs who preceded him and take from them the authority and covenant. They also claim this applies to other sheikhs, and they call this alleged phenomenon "Awisiya."
4- They have a specific belief in the remembrance of God Almighty, not mentioned in the Qur'an or Sunnah. They have abandoned the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding remembrance. They believe that remembrance should be performed silently, without using the tongue, with the eyes closed, in a specific sitting position, with the breath held, and imagining that the heart has a tongue that remembers God and repeats what they believe to be remembrances. This contradicts the prescribed remembrance. The established principle in Islamic law, and the evidence of the Qur'an and Sunnah converges, is that remembrance should be performed with the tongue, as indicated by the hadith of Abdullah ibn Busr (may Allah be pleased with him): A man said: "O Messenger of Allah!" The laws of Islam have become too many for me, so tell me something that I can hold on to. He said: “Keep your tongue moist with the remembrance of God.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi (3375). They established for the seeker what they called “the bond,” and they claimed that through it he can reach God Almighty.
5- This method is based on connecting the heart of the follower to someone other than God Almighty, namely the sheikh. They claimed that the disciple cannot reach God nor receive divine guidance except through his sheikh. The method involves closing his eyes, placing his tongue on the roof of his mouth, his teeth on his teeth, and his lips on his lips. He must conjure up the image of the sheikh and visualize it on his forehead. He must imagine the sheikh as an intermediary between him and God, and believe that the sheikh receives from God directly, without an intermediary. In Islam, there is no intermediary between the servant and God Almighty, as God Almighty says: And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided. (Surat Al-Baqarah: 186) On the authority of Abu Hurairah, that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “The servant is closest to his Lord when he is prostrating, so increase your supplication.” Narrated by Muslim (482)
6 - They are known for their practice of dhikr (remembrance) using the singular name "Allah" or the pronoun "He." This is an impermissible dhikr; simply repeating the words "Allah" or "He" is meaningless and useless.
7 - One of their methods of worship is "seclusion," which lasts for a minimum of three days and a maximum of forty days. During this time, the person becomes accustomed to staying up late, going hungry, and dhikr in their way. The door of seclusion is closed to them, and only the sheikh can open it. They do not enter the seclusion without asking his permission. This is not part of the rituals of Islam, and its permissibility cannot be proven by the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) seclusion in the Cave of Hira before his mission. Since the time Allah sent him the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), neither did the Rightly Guided Caliphs ascend to the Cave of Hira. Rather, the Sunnah of Muslims in seclusion is to seclude themselves in mosques and attend congregational and Friday prayers with other Muslims.
8- Exaggeration in their sheikhs' praise and the veneration of their graves. They believe that their sheikhs possess certain divine attributes, such as the ability to benefit, harm, and knowledge of the unseen. God Almighty commanded His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, to say, "Say, 'I do not possess for myself any benefit or harm except what God wills. And if I knew the unseen, I would have acquired much good, and no harm would have touched me. I am only a warner and a bringer of good tidings to a people who believe.'" (Al-A'raf: 188)
9. They have specific etiquette for dealing with a sheikh, which they oblige followers to follow. Whoever violates these etiquettes is deemed deprived. Therefore, the follower must follow the sheikh. They intimidate people by telling them that anyone who does not take a sheikh as a friend is misguided, because their sheikh will be Satan. If a person follows one of their sheikhs, their first duty is to pledge allegiance, which obligates them to obey their sheikh in everything he commands.
10. Following the sheikh, even in something they deem forbidden, is like following a dead person in the hands of their washer. Shari'ah only permits obedience in what is right. It was narrated on the authority of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There is no obedience in disobedience. Obedience is only in what is right." Narrated by al-Bukhari (7257) and Muslim (1840).
11- The Sheikh conceals himself from his followers, so they do not enter upon him except with his permission, and only certain people from his close circle enter upon him, and they do not see him while he is eating, drinking, sleeping, or doing any of his personal business, so that the sanctity of the Sheikh is not lost, as they claim. In doing so, they have contradicted the guidance of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the noble Messengers of Allah. Allah the Most High said: {And they say, "What is the matter with this Messenger that he eats food and walks in the markets? Why was an angel not sent down to him to be with him as a warner?"} [Al-Furqan: 7]
12 - They believe that followers should abandon scholars and jurisprudents and listen only to the sheikhs of the order, who are largely ignorant of Islamic law. This order, as is the case with the extremist Sufis, is characterized by a disdain for knowledge and scholars. Therefore, there are hardly any scholars among them who are known for their competence and who can be referred to for knowledge of the legal rulings and the rulings on new events. This is forbidden in Islam. On the authority of Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-‘As, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: Allah does not take away knowledge by snatching it away from His servants, but He takes away knowledge by taking away the scholars, until when He leaves no scholar, the people take ignorant leaders, and when they are asked, they give fatwas without justification. Knowledge, so they went astray and led others astray. Narrated by Al-Bukhari (100) and Muslim (2673).
13 - Knowing the unseen world is their greatest goal. The story of Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, to whom they falsely attribute themselves, is sufficient to demonstrate the falsehood of this goal. On the authority of Hanzala, he said: “We were with the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and he preached to us, and he mentioned the Fire. He said: Then I came to the house and laughed with the children and played with the woman. He said: So I went out and met Abu Bakr and mentioned that to him, and he said: And I have done the same as what you mention, so we met The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to me. I said, "O Messenger of Allah, Hanzala has become a hypocrite." He said, "Easy." I told him the story, and Abu Bakr said, "And I have done the same thing as he did." He said, "O Hanzala! An hour and an hour. If your hearts were as they are when remembering Allah, the angels would shake hands with you and even greet you on the roads." Narrated by Muslim (2750). These are the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. ...and the most honorable of people after the prophets, the most pious of them to God, and the most knowledgeable of them about God. However, the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not command them to strive to shake hands with the angels. Rather, He is guided them to the path that would ensure they would not get bored or waste any of their rights, because this world is a field for work.
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