The peaceful transformation between the Quraish and the Muslims in the sixth year of the Hijra was the reason that the Holy Prophet devoted himself to the universality of Islam, When the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, wanted to write to the kings and princes, he was told: They do not read a book unless it is sealed, so take a silver ring on which is engraved (Muhammad is the Messenger of God) The inscription had three lines, with the word “God” at the top of the circle, and in the middle the word “Messenger" At the bottom is the word (Muhammad), and this respects the political protocol at that time, - If the expression is correct - the letters of the “Prophet”, may God bless him and grant him peace, were not dated, If there is no approved or agreed-upon date among the Arabs, and with historians agreeing that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, began sending letters, returning from Hudaybiyyah, there is a confusion in the narratives that mentioned the date of their sending. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, gathered his companions, then he said to them after the praise and the tashahhud: “As for what follows, I want to send some of you to the kings of the non-Arabs, Do not disagree over me as the children of Israel disagreed over Jesus, son of Mary, the Companions said, O Messenger of God, we will pay for you whatever you want. So send us wherever you wish.
1 - The caesar’s letter (King of Rome)
Dihya bin Khalifa Al-Kalbi, may God be pleased with him, carried the message to him, (In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad bin Abdullah to Heraclius, the Great of Rome, Peace be upon whoever follows the guidance. As for what follows, I invite you with the call of Islam. Be safe. May God reward you twice, If you take over, you will bear the sin of all the Arians, thus Allah says
(قل يا أهل الكتاب تعالوا إلى كلمة سواء بيننا وبينكم ألا نعبد إلا الله ولا نشرك به شيئا ولا يتخذ بعضنا بعضا أربابا من دون الله فإن تولوا فقولوا اشهدوا بأنا مسلمون) آل عمران ـ )
(Say, O People of the Book, come to a common word between us and you, we should not worship anyone but God and not associate anything with Him, and don't not take one another as lords other than God, If they turn away, then say, “bear witness that we are Muslims.” (Al Imran)
Lords: obey them as the Lord is obeyed
The Arians
It is a Christian doctrine and one of the sects that no longer exists at the present time. It is attributed to Arius (ca. 250 - 336), One of the priests of Alexandria, whose teachings, different from other sects, revolve around the relationship of the hypostases of the Holy Trinity to each other, and the nature of these hypostases.
The Hercules replied
To Ahmad, the Messenger of God, whom Jesus announced from Caesar, King of the Romans: Your letter came to me with your Messenger, and I bear witness that you are the Messenger of God, We find you with us in the Gospel. Jesus, son of Mary, told us about you, and I called on the Romans to believe in you, but they refused, and if they had obeyed me, it would have been better for them (And I wish that I were with you so that I could serve you and wash your feet.
The discourse analysis
How humility will make you the greatest person ever
Truly humble people are able to give us this kind of gift because they see and accept their strengths and limitations without defense or judgment—an essential dimension, according to researchers, of humility, and one that cultivates a strong compassion for humanity.
Notice
1 - From Muhammad bin Abdullah to Heraclius, the great Roman
2 - Reminder of reward and punishment: words that only people who have a heavenly book understand
3- It is interesting to note the reference in Al-Muqawqis’s letter (from Muhammad Abdullah) Perhaps Al-Muqawqis was one of those who said that Jesus was the son of God, so this word came to emphasize that the messengers and prophets, peace be upon them, are servants of God and not their sons.
(Al-Harith bin Abi Shamar, “The prince of Damascus”)
Al-Harith bin Abi Shamar: Al-Ghassani, one of the princes of Ghassan on the outskirts of the Levant. His residence was in the Ghouta of Damascus.
The Messenger of the Messenger of God: (Shuja’ bin Wahb)
An overview of the people of Damascus at that time
The Ghassanids are a branch of the Azd tribe who lived in Yemen for a long time, and their lands were irrigated from the Ma’rib Dam, When that dam collapsed, they were forced to leave Yemen, and they camped in the Levant and took control of part of its lands, They ruled there, and ended up forming the Ghassanid state, which ruled those lands under the influence and sovereignty of the Roman Caesars, When Islam came, it removed their system, and their government ended, after thirty-two kings ruled in the Golan, Yarmouk, and Damascus regions.
(The message text)
“In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad, the Messenger of God, to Al-Harith bin Abi Shimr, peace be upon those who follow guidance, and believe in God and be truthful. I call on you to believe in God alone, who has no partner, and the kingdom will remain yours, And believe in God and be truthful. I call on you to believe in God alone, who has no partner, and the kingdom will remain yours.
(Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah)
And in some narration
The message was devoid of the Basmala and from the Messenger of God to Al-Harith bin Abi Shimr, Instead of In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad, the Messenger of God, to Al-Harith bin Abi Shimr, In a dialogue between Shujaa (messenger of the Messenger of God) and Al-Harith (the prince of Damascus)
In the book of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace:
Shuja’ said: I came to him while he was in the Ghouta of Damascus, When I approached him, I went to his chamberlain, and I found him busy that day preparing accommodations and kindnesses for Caesar, He came from Homs to Elijah, and I stayed at his door for two or three days and said to his chamberlain, “I am the messenger of the Messenger of God to you, He said: do not reach him until he comes out on such-and-such a day, and his chamberlain - and he was a Roman, his name was Mary - asked me about the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - what he calls for, so I would talk to him, and his heart would soften until he was overcome with tears and he would say: I read the Gospel, and I find the character of this particular Prophet.
He said: Al-Harith went out one day and placed the crown on his head
So he gave me permission to do so, so I handed him the letter of the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and he read it. Al-Harith was annoyed by what he read at the end of the book and threw it aside.
He said: Who will take away my kingdom from me?
I am going to him, and if he were in Yemen, I would come to him and meet the people. He remained sitting and showing off until the night, and he ordered the horses to be shod, He ordered the army to be prepared immediately to display his military strength before the Prophet’s ambassador, to frighten and intimidate him, and in order to show himself as a defender of Caesar’s king, He took the initiative to write a letter to Caesar informing him of his intention to invade the Messenger of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and then he said: Tell your friend what you see. Prince Al-Ghassani’s message reached Caesar at the time when Dihya Al-Kalbi was the ambassador of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, to the Romans in Caesar’s council, Caesar was interviewing him and asking him about the Messenger of God (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) regarding his character and religion, Caesar was annoyed by the hasty initiative of the Ghassanid ruler and wrote to him preventing him from going to the Messenger of Islam, asking him to meet him in the city of Elijah, he said: The letter came back while I was staying, so he called me and said: When do you want to go out to your friend? I said: Tomorrow. He changed Caesar's positive attitude, this is the position of his client: the negative Ghassanid ruler, following the proverb that says people follow the religion of their kings, so he immediately rushed to honor me, so he ordered me a hundred mithqals of gold, and the Roman chamberlain secretly provided me with an allowance and clothing, and said: Read to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, my greetings, and told him that I follow his religion. Shuja’ said, so I came to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and told him, and he said: “His kingdom has perished.” I read it in peace, I told him what he said, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: He spoke the truth, but the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, was not satisfied with this diplomatic position, which did not reflect an honest reality, so he said: His kingdom was destroyed. That is, his kingdom will soon disappear.
Al-Muqawqis, The coptic king, Egypt
By the Messenger (Haatib bin Abi Balta’a)
The copts: A word of Greek origin meaning the inhabitants of Egypt, and today what is meant by them are: Egyptian Christians.
The Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, sent him to Al-Muqawqis, the great Copt in Egypt, and Hatib says about this meeting
I said to Al-Muqawqis
Before you there was a man who claimed to be the Most High Lord, so God punished him in the hereafter and the first, and took revenge on him and then took revenge on him, So consider others and do not let others consider you. Al-Muqawqis did not get angry. rather, he responded to me in the same way as a wise man who has experienced the world and its battles and understood life as an expert.
Al-Muqawqis said
(We have a religion that we do not abandon except for what is better than it. So I said: We invite you to the religion of God “Islam”), for the Prophet - Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - called people, the most hostile to him were the Quraysh, his enemies were the Jews, and the closest to him were the Christians. In my life, the good news of Moses about Jesus is nothing but the good news of Jesus about Muhammad, Our call to you to the Qur’an is nothing but the same as your call to the people of the Torah to the Gospel, and every prophet who meets a people is his nation and they must obey him, You are one of those who realized this Prophet, and we do not forbid you from the religion of Christ, but rather we command you to do so.
Al-Muqawqis said
We will look into what you say. He gathered his patriarchs, and they advised him to gather them with the new ambassador of the new Prophet, Hatib says: He invited me to that meeting and confronted me with words, saying: I am asking you, so I would like you to understand about me. I said: Come. He said: Tell me about your friend. Is he a prophet? I said: Yes, he is the Messenger of God. He said: Why did he not leave where they took him out?
I said: Issa, son of Mary, do you not bear witness that he is the Messenger of God?
He said: Yes
I said to him: What is the matter with him since his people took him and wanted to crucify him? Did he not pray against them that God should destroy them since God raised him to the lowest heaven?
He said: You are a wise man who came from a wise man, and he sent a letter to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, including good manners of speech and good expression, and glorification of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, sent guards with Hatib to secure him to the border.
The situation analysis
Cost of compliance: Several studies have found that warning labels are more likely to be ineffective if the cost of compliance is high, Reducing compliance costs is a very effective way to increase security, but it is essential to understand where viewer costs arise. If the goal is important, If the goal is important, there will be little compliance. In this case, the warning strategy is to provide an alternative way to achieve the goal or alternative goal.
Al - Negus, king of Abyssinia
The bearer of the message (Amr bin Umayyah bin Khuwaylid, nicknamed Abu Umayyah)
When Amr bin Umayyah, may God be pleased with him, came to the Negus, he found a door in his palace, When Amr bin Umayyah, may God be pleased with him, came to the Negus, he found in the palace a small door through which the Ethiopians entered as if they were prostrating before the Negus, When Amr saw that, he turned his back and entered, The Abyssinians were upset in their meeting with the Negus until they approached him and said to the Negus, “This man did not enter as we entered.
He said: What prevented you from entering as they entered?
He said: We would not do this to our Prophet, even if we did it to someone we would do it to him
Al-Najashi said: His claim was true, leave him.
They said to the Negus: This man claims that Jesus is a slave!
Al-Najashi said: What do you say about Jesus?
Amr said: The word and spirit of God.
Al-Najashi said: Jesus could not do otherwise.
Then Amr bin Umayyah said: O Ashama!
I must say and you must listen, it is as if you are more gentle with us than we are, and as if we are more trustworthy in you than you are, Because we never thought good of you except that we obtained it, and we never feared you for anything except that we hoped for it, We have taken the evidence against you from within you. The Gospel is between us and you, a witness that does not reject, and a judge that does not unjust, And in that position there is goodness and attaining credit. Otherwise, you are in this illiterate prophet like the Jews were in Jesus, son of Mary, the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, dispersed his messengers to the people, directing one man to Khosrau, another to Caesar, and another to Muqawqis. He requested you, just as he had not requested them, And he gave you security over what he feared for them, for the goodness of the past and the reward that awaits.
Al-Najashi said
I bear witness to God that he is the faithful prophet whom the People of the Book await, And the good news of Moses about the donkey rider is like the good news about Jesus about the camel rider, and the eye is not better than the news.
Khosrau, King of the Persians - currently Iran -
The Messenger ( Huthafah)
He arrived in Persia and asked permission to enter after informing the king’s entourage of the message he was carrying, Khosrau, King of Persia, authorized Abdullah to enter and invited the nobles of Persia to attend the council, Abdullah entered the king with the simplicity of a Bedouin, wearing a cheeky cloak, but he was tall in stature and seemed to show the pride of faith and the nobility of Islam.
The King of Persia invited one of the people of Al-Hirah to read the book to him, and he began reading: “In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad, the Messenger of God, to Chosroes the Great of Persia, Peace be upon whoever follows guidance...” When Khosrow heard this much of the message; He became angry because the Messenger of God had started himself, so he pulled the letter forcefully and tore it up without knowing what it contained, he then ordered Bin Hudhafa to leave the council, Bin Hudhafa left the council without knowing what would be done to him.
Will he be killed or will he be released, but he soon said to himself: “By God, I do not care in what condition I will be after I have fulfilled the letter of the Messenger of God, Then he mounted his mount and departed, and when Khosrau calmed down, he ordered him to be brought, but his men found no trace of him anywhere, Bin Hudhafa returned to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, so he told him what had happened to Chosroes, and the Prophet said: “May God tear apart his kingdom, Khosrau wrote to his deputy in Yemen ordering him to send two men to this man in Hijaz, meaning the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, to bring him to him, the two men sent to Taif arrived, There they asked about the Prophet, and they learned that he was in Yathrib. They continued until they reached the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, then they informed him of Khosrau’s message to him so that he would go with them so that he would not perish. The Prophet smiled and said: “Go back to your camps today and come tomorrow.”
the next day
The two men went to the messenger and then said: “Have you prepared yourself to go with us to meet Khosrau? The Messenger said to them: “You will not meet Chosroes after today, for God killed him, as his son took power over him on such-and-such night in such-and-such month, the two men were astonished and went to the representative of Yemen to tell him what the Messenger of God was saying after he confirmed his statement, When the representative of Yemen (Badhan) learned what happened, he said: “If what Muhammad said is true, then he is a prophet, and if it is not, then we will see an opinion about it, then he soon learned of the killing of Khosrau at the hands of his son Shiroyeh, so Bazan announced his conversion to Islam and the Persians who were with him in Yemen.
The situation analysis
Some people really aren't afraid of anything. Understanding why reveals how the rest of us approach terrorism: we respect fear. They are comfortable admitting their fear, they over-prepare without over-reacting. Fearless people don't spend time worrying about the worst-case scenario — they prepare for it. They make a plan and have a backup plan. They overprepare without overreacting, obsessing, or ruminating. And others of course.
King of Bahrain Al-Mundhir bin Sawi Al-Abdi
The official envoy to him (Al-Alaa bin Al-Hadrami)
He is Al-Alaa bin Abdullah bin Imad bin Akbar bin Rabi’ah bin Malik bin Awif Al-Hadrami. He was a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, and one of the writers of revelation. The Prophet sent him as an ambassador, a prince, a tax collector, a mujahideen, and a leader., The message of Islam was carried to the king of the Bahrain region by the Persian Al-Mundhir bin Sawa, in the seventh century AD, corresponding to the eighth year AH.
(O Munther, you are of great intellect in this world, so do not belittle the Hereafter. This Magianism is an evil of religion, marry in it what he is embarrassed to marry, and they will eat what he is reluctant to eat, and in this world you will worship a fire that will consume you on the Day of Resurrection, I am not devoid of reason or opinion, so see if we should not trust him who does not lie in this world, and should we not trust him who does not betray, and should we not trust him who does not lie? If this is so, then this is the illiterate prophet who, by God, no rational person can say: I wish that what he commanded he forbade or what he forbade he commanded, Al-Mundhir said: I looked at this that is in my hands and found that it was for this world rather than the afterlife, and I looked at your religion and saw that it was for the afterlife, and the world, what prevents me from accepting a religion that contains the wish of life and the comfort of death? Yesterday I was amazed by those who accepted it, and today I was amazed by those who rejected it and the part of the veneration of the one who brought it is that he venerates his Messenger.
The situation analysis
1 - Great leaders value people equally and treat people fairly
2 - Why should a leader be rational?
Your role as a leader of a decision-making or problem-solving meeting will require that you have an understanding of the rational decision-making process. This process provides an organized arrangement and keeps participants' attention focused on the problem.
Jaifar and Abd al-Nabi al-Julandi (King of Oman)
By (Amr bin Al-Aas)
“In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad bin Abdullah to Jaifar and Abd my son Al-Julandi, peace be upon those who follow guidance. As for what follows: I invite you both to Islam.
Peace be upon you, for I am the Messenger of God to all people. To warn whoever is alive, and the word against the disbelievers is valid, and if you acknowledge Islam, I wish you would, and if you refuse to acknowledge Islam, then your kingdom will pass away from you, and my horses will roam your court, and my prophethood will appear over your kingdom, “In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad bin Abdullah to Jaifar and Abd my son Al-Julandi, peace be upon those who follow guidance, as for what follows: I invite you to Islam, embrace Islam, for I am the Messenger of God to all people. To warn whoever is alive, and the word against the disbelievers is valid, My horses will appear in your courtyard, and my prophecy will appear on your kingdom, Ubayy bin Ka’b wrote, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, sealed the letter.
Amr's conversation with Abd
Amr said: Then I went out until I ended up in Oman, and when I arrived there, I went to a slave, and he was the most intelligent of the two men and the easiest in character, so I said: Then he said to me: What are you calling for? I said: I invite you to God alone, with no partner, and to renounce what has been worshiped other than Him, and to bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, He said: o Amr, you are the son of the master of your people, so what did your father do, for we have an example in him? I said: He died and did not believe in Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and I wished that he had converted to Islam and believed in him, and I was of the same opinion until God guided me to Islam. He said, “When did you follow him?” I said: soon, He asked me: Where was my Islam? I said: At the Negus, and I told him that the Negus had converted to Islam, He said: So what did his people do with his kingship? I said: Accept it and follow it. He said: And the bishops and monks followed him, I said yes. He said: Look, Amr, what you say. There is no trait in a man more scandalous than a lie. I said: You did not lie, and we do not make it permissible in our religion, Then he said: I do not see that Heraclius knew about the Negus’ conversion to Islam? I said: Yes. He said: How did you know that? I said: The Negus used to pay him a sum of money, and when he converted to Islam and believed in Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, he said: No, by God, if he had asked me for a single dirham, I would not have given him, Heraclius heard what he said, and his brother Yanaq said to him: Will you allow your servant not to pay you a tax and owe a new religion?! Heraclius said: A man desired a religion and chose it for himself, what should I do with him? By God, had it not been for my longing for my kingdom, I would have done as he did, He said: Look what you say, Amr. I said: By God, I believe you. Abdul said: So tell me what he commands and forbids? I said: He commands obedience to God Almighty, forbids disobedience to Him, and commands righteousness and maintaining family ties, He forbids injustice and aggression, adultery and drinking alcohol, and the worship of stones, idols, and the cross, He said: How good is this that he is calling for. If my brother were following me, we would ride until we believe in Muhammad and believe in him, But my brother is too proud of his property to abandon it and become a sin, I said: If he converts to Islam, the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, will make him king over his people, He took charity from the rich and gave it back to the poor. He said: This character is good, and what is charity? I told him what the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, had imposed on the wealth of alms, until it came to camels, He said: O Amr, are you taken from the cattle of our livestock that graze trees and draw water? I said: Yes, and he said: By God, I do not see my people, in the distance of their home and the large number of them, obeying this, . He said: I stayed at his door for days while he reached his brother and told him all my news. Then he called me one day and I entered upon him, so his assistants took my hand and said: Leave him, so I was sent, so I went to sit, but they refused to let me sit, so I looked at him, and he said: Speak of what you need, so I handed him the letter sealed, So he opened his seal and read it until he reached the end, then he handed it to his brother and he read it the same way as he had read it, except that I saw that his brother was more delicate than him, Then he said: Don't you tell me about the Quraysh, how they did? I said: Follow him, either he desires religion or he is oppressed by the sword, He said: Who is with him? I said: People desired Islam, chose it over anything else, and knew with their minds, even though God had guided them, that they were astray, I do not know of anyone remaining in this embarrassment except you, and if you surrender today and follow him, horses will trample you and destroy your greenery. So, you will be safe, and he will use you over your people, and the horses and men will not enter upon you, He said: Leave me this day and come back to me tomorrow. So I returned to his brother, and he said: O Amr, I hope that he will submit to Islam if he does not believe in his kingship, Until the next day I came to him, but he refused to give me permission, so I went to his brother and told him that I had not reached him, so he led me to him, He said: I thought about what you called me to do, and I was the weakest of the Arabs if I had a man in my hand and his horses did not reach here, And if his horses reach it, they will engage in fighting that is not like the fighting of someone who meets him, I said: I am leaving tomorrow. When he was certain of my exit, his brother went alone with him and said: We are not in what has appeared to him, and everyone who was sent to him has answered him, In the morning, he sent for me, and he and his brother all converted to Islam, and they believed the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and put a distance between me and the charity and the ruling between them. They helped me against those who disagreed with me.
Hawdha bin Ali (King of Al-Yamamah), Riyadh - currently Saudi Arabia
The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, sent him to Hawdha bin Ali, the owner of Al-Yamamah, and to Thumamah bin Uthal Al-Hanafi, who were the leaders of Al-Yamamah, in the year six or seven AH, When Salit Ali Hudha was presented with the letter of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, sealed, he took it down, greeted him, and read the letter to him, “In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, from Muhammad, the Messenger of God, to Hudha bin Ali, peace be upon those who follow guidance and know that my religion will be revealed to the utmost level of fear and hoof, so submit to yourself, and I will grant you what is under your hands.” When Salit read the letter to him, he said to him: Oh, behold, you have become subjected to a great obstacle and souls in the Fire, but the master is one who enjoys faith and is then provided with piety, If a people are happy with your opinion, they will not fear it. And I command you to do good that is enjoined and forbid you from doing something that is forbidden. I command you to worship God and forbid you to worship Satan, In worshiping God is Paradise, and in worshiping Satan is Hell. If you accept, you will obtain what you hoped for and believe what you feared, but if you refuse, then between us and you will be the unveiling of the veil and the horror of the rising, Then Hoda said: O Salit, I am blackened by your blackness, I would be honored by it, and I had an opinion with which to test matters, but I lost it, so its place in my heart is air, which has given me a space in which to return to my opinion, so I will answer you with it, God willing and Hudha wrote to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace: “How tender and beautiful is what you call for, and I am a national poet and their orator, and the Arabs fear my place, so assign me some matter to follow you, He granted Salit a prize and covered him with garments woven from Hijr. He presented all of that to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and he informed him of that and handed over his letter to him, When the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, learned of what was in it, he said: “If a piece of earth (i.e., a stone) had asked me, I would not have done it. He would have destroyed what was in his hand.”
After the conquest of Mecca
Gabriel, peace be upon him, came and said to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, that he had died. So he, may God bless him and grant him peace, informed his companions and said: “As for the Yammah, a liar will come out with it and prophesy, and he will be killed by it after me, Someone said: “O Messenger of God, who will kill him?” He, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “You and your companions,” and it was like that.