The meaning of migration: the departure of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, from Mecca to Medina in the year 622 AD, the house of migration.
Allah says
[إِلا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللهَ مَعَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَى وَكَلِمَةُ اللهِ هِيَ العُلْيَا وَاللهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ] {التوبة:40}
God, Blessed and Exalted be He, says: [Do you don't help him, for God helped him when those who disbelieved expelled him, the second of two, when they were both in the cave, when he said to his companion, "Do not be sad, God is with us." So God sent down his serenity to him, and he supported him with soldiers you did not see, and he made the word of those who disbelieved inferior, and the word of God is the Most High, and God is Mighty, Wise.” {At-Tawbah: 40}
We benefit from the noble verse
God - the Most High - called the migration from Mecca to Medina before or after the Messenger's migration (a victory for God and His Messenger) why? Because it is a declaration of loyalty to God and His Messenger and free from polytheism and polytheists, and because it is necessary to establish the modern Islamic state, and theoretical speech remains theoretical until people come to carry theoretical speech on their sleeves and turn it into practical speech that people see with their own eyes, And the Messenger himself went through this painful human experience, while he was in pain, he said to his honest friend (Do not be sad that God is with us) and God - the Most High - supported him with very small soldiers that you can hardly see, oh eye, except by belittling: nesting pigeons, weaving spider webs, or God knows maybe the angels accompanied them on this blessed journey, and made the word of those who disbelieved lower and the word of God supreme, and God is Mighty. He does what he wants and does not return to him what he wants because he is generous in his side, does not care about anyone if he wants something, and is wise in his actions. He wrote the Hijrah on some people to teach Muslims to get out of their comfort zones to roam the east and west of the earth with this new religion,and always and forever, this religion is new to anyone and hardly anything is known about it, so the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - informs us after the conquest of Makkah that he did not emigrate, but rather jihad and intention.
The migration was the separation between two great stages of the Islamic call, the Meccan stage and the Maddina stage, and the prophetic migration was a reason to change history and raise the banner of Islam and a way to victory and glory, and the beginning of the construction of the Islamic state.
When was the Prophet's migration to Medina?
In the thirteenth year after the honorable prophetic mission
How old was the Prophet when he emigrated?
The age of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - was fifty-three years
It was reported on the authority of Abdullah bin Abbas - may God be pleased with them both - that he said: “The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was sent for forty years, and he stayed in Makkah for thirteen years, It was revealed to him, then he was ordered to emigrate, so he emigrated for ten years, and died at the age of sixty-three.
How long did the Prophet's migration journey take?
The day of leaving Mecca
It is reported from the people of knowledge that the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - left his house for the Emigration on the night of Friday, 27 Safar in the fourteenth year after the mission.
Al - Madinh entry day
He had ambush in the cave of Thawr on the night of Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and it was said that he set out on Monday night to Madinah on 1/3 Rabi’ al-Awwal/14 for the mission, and the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - arrived, He reached Quba on Monday 8/3/14 of the mission and did not reach Medina until the twelfth day of Rabi` al-Awwal.
The Reasons of the emigration
It was not an idea that was born overnight, rather it had a long and meticulous plan, and the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - migrated as a result of several reasons, the most important of which is:
The people of Mecca rejected the Islamic call, did not accept the new religion and strongly opposed it.
The harm of the infidels against the Prophet of God and the Muslims and his followers intensified, to the point of planning to assassinate him.
Madinah accepted the Islamic call, and most of its people converted to Islam.
The necessity of uniting Muslims under one banner and building an Islamic state for expansion by da’wah.
Migration is one of the ways of the prophets, so every prophet had a share of migrating from his land to another land.
The migration to Madinah Al-Munawwarah marked two different advocacy stages, the Meccan stage, which establishes the firm belief in the existence of a deity for this universe, and so it was not in it to do or to do, Just rituals, but it is an integral part of the being of the Muslim individual, except that God Almighty from above the seven heavens did not mix the papers as we do. We want a young man who grew up in the West, for example, and entered the Islamic religion, taking the whole religion in one glance. Where are the thirteen founding years for him? why are we asking him for everything he just heard? Islam was born strange, and it will return to being strange, so please have mercy on strangers, especially those who live in the West, and God knows best.
You are an expert that the comfort zone is destructive for innovation, challenges or otherwise, and their presence in Makkah is a comfort zone and new Muslims get used to it since their childhood, and their transition, not from house to house but from one culture to another, and from one way of living to another, It is psychological and physical hardship, as most of the Companions fell ill at the beginning of their entry into Medina until the Messenger of God called for Medina, then they got used to life in it, and God Almighty expanded upon them and gave them better than what was taken from them, and this was the stage of the Islamic call need men who are able to get out of the comfort zone and get used to it.
What did the Messenger of God say while he was out of Mecca?
“What country is the most pleasant of country and the most beloved to me, and if your people had not expelled me from you, I would not have lived in any other country.”
What does that indicate?
Words that indicate abundant feelings for his country and his motherland. The Messenger of God - in his youth - traveled to Yemen and the Levant, and of course went to Medina, but Mecca is kinder to his heart than any other place - may God bless his soul. He insults his people, and they are still his people, despite the intellectual hostility, and look at his saying - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him: Were it not that my people (did not abuse his people and they still remain his people despite the intellectual hostility) they expelled me (that is, he did not leave voluntarily: a forced migration) I have not inhabited other than you, and you are an expert that housing: is the one in which a person is relieved of heavy clothes and clothes for going out, and he is the one in which he is relieved of empty compliments as he dwells in it and lightens it, he messenger of Allah says to his country (I did not live without you) and here with the forced migrations from the climate at times and from countries devastated by wars at other times and with Muslims, we do not forget the position of the Messenger of God and that he did not insult a king, a president, or his people, but he still sees them (his people) even if they hurt him and hurt everyone who followed him - may God bless Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace.
Waiting for Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq to emigrate with the Messenger
On the authority of Urwa bin Al-Zubayr, may God have mercy on him, he said: “When the companions of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, went out to Madinah, and before he left, he means: The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, before that this verse that they commanded was revealed in the fighting, Abu Bakr sought his permission, but he did not order him to go out with his companions who went out. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, imprisoned him: "Look at me, for I do not know whether I will be permitted to go out."
We take advantage of the above
God Almighty looks at the hearts and they are the repository of intentions, and Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq brought two camels and fed them without speaking a word to the Messenger of God, which is an indication of the sincere intention and the hope that he will accompany the Messenger of God.
The Actual migration hour
Aisha, may God be pleased with her, said: “One day, while we were sitting in the house of Abu Bakr at midday, someone said to my father: This is the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, masked, at an hour when he did not come to us at, Abu Bakr said: a ransom is for my father and mother, and by God, he did not bring him at this hour except for an order. She said: Then the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, came and asked for permission, "Get out of you". Abu Bakr said: They are your family through my father, you, O Messenger of God. He said: "I have been given permission to go out, Abu Bakr said: Are you the companions by my father and my mother, O Messenger of God? The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “Yes.” Abu Bakr said: By my father, O Messenger of God, take one of the two beasts, The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “with the price.” Aisha said: So we prepared them, so we made them a table in a bag, so Asma' bint Abi Bakr cut it off So she tied it at the mouth of the bursa, and thus it was called the one with the two bands.
We thus benefit from this part
The Messenger of God said, “Get out of you.” The Messenger of God says: “They are your family", He did not say my family and I trust them, rather he said (your family, O Messenger of God) how much good there is between friends and love for the sake of God, Asmaa bint Abi Bakr prepared the food in an instant and cut off her waist belt and gave it to them, What is this sacrifice of the homeland when necessary, and the sacrifice of a loving father like Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq? And love of the Messenger, and not being afraid of the oppression of the Quraysh, who are supposed to be the first house they will search after the house of the Messenger of God, their house (the house of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq) it is the migration.
The immigration events
Then the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and Abu Bakr joined Ghar in Jabal Thawr, and it came to us: they hid there for three nights, staying with them Abdullah bin Abi Bakr,
That is, he spends the whole night in Quraysh, and he does not hear a plot about the Messenger of God and and Abu Bakr did not make him aware until he brought them the news of that when darkness mingled, and they will sleep in messengers, and it is milk that was given to them and their: milk boiled with hot stones, until Aamir bin Fuhaira sign it in the dark at the end of the night before dawn, he does that on each of those three nights, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and Abu Bakr hired a man from the tribe of Banu adi, A gifted guide, and one who is skilled in guidance, has dipped an oath in the family of Al-Aas bin Wael Al-Sahmi, who is on the religion of Qreish, They trusted him, so they pushed their two camels to him and promised him the cave of Thawr after three nights, they left after three days, and Amer bin Fuhaira set off with them, and the guid took them on the way to the coast.
We take advantage of the above
Of those whom Abu Bakr as-Siddiq used (his son: Abdullah bin Abi Bakr, and as I read, he is an intelligent young man and returns from the Messenger of God and Abu Bakr at the end of the night to spend the night among the Quraish, so they wake up from sleep and find him on the one hand knows the news and on the other hand that he as didn't know anything about them, the second (Amer bin Fuhaira: the loyal of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq to walk with the sheep, he exempts their footprints from the road with the sheep so that they do not follow their footprints, so Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq used himself, his son, his daughter, his loyal and his money to migrate with the Messenger of God, how much does a truthful friend benefit his friend if he loves him sincerely and faithfully God's path .
Saraqa bin Malik joins the ranks of the Messenger of God, he and Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq
When the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and his companion Abu Bakr migrated in the famous story of migration and the Quraysh followed them with their knights, Sarqa bin Malik al-Madlaji and almost caught them, When our master Abu Bakr saw him, he said: We came, O Messenger of God, and he said: The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: Do not be sad, God is with us. So the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, prayed on Suraqh, then his horse’s hands sank in the sand, Soraqa said: I see you both have prayed on me, so pray for me, By God I turn away about you your request, the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, called for him, and in a narration that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, He said to a suraqh, how would you be if you wear bracelet and crown of Chosro, later, what the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, told him happened.
Were it not for this snapshot of the emigration, we would have said it is impossible. This happens for them to escape and hide, and no one from the Quraysh cavalry who knows the entrances and exits of wars can reach them.
Sarqa even if he paid him to bring the Prophet and Abu Bakr (Al-Mal: 100 camels), which is an exaggerated gift that no one can miss. It seems that Saraqa was one of the best knights of the Quraysh, and he actually reached them and almost caught them had it not been for the care of God - the Most High - to complete the Islamic call and preserve the migration with the dignity of heaven.
Dove nesting and spider webs on the door of the laurel: He says, ( no one knows the soldiers of Lord except Him) Al-Baghawi said in his interpretation (4/147) of the verse (and they are the angels descended to turn the faces of the infidels and their eyes from seeing him) AH the words of Sheikh Al-Albani.
And Sheikh Al-Albani said in another place: “I know that a hadith about a spider is not authentic. As for the eggs of two pigeons on the laurel, I have not seen – as far as I know – who authenticated it, and God knows best, Abu Turab al-Zahiri said: It has been reported that two wild pigeons nested at his door, and that a tree grew, and all of this is strange and reprehensible in terms of the narration, And in a narration in which there is strangeness and disgrace that the two pigeons spawned, and that the pigeons of the Meccan Haram are from the descendants of the two pigeons, and all of this is with weak chains of transmission
Umm maabd Al-Khuza'iya
On his way to Medina, the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, met in Al-Qudaid a pure, sincere woman, Umm Ma’bad, a woman from Banu Ka’b, From Khuza’ah (Atika bin Khalid), you water and feed, and we tell her story as follows.
The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, went out on the night of he emigrated from Mecca to Medina, he and Abu Bakr, and Amer bin Fuhaira, the slave of Abu Bakr, and their guide was Abdullah Ibn Uriqat Al-Laithi, they passed by my tent, Umm ma'bad al-Khuza'iyyah , and Umm Ma`bad was a woman of Barzeh: the woman who sits with men, a skinless woman, cuddling in the courtyard of the tent, They asked her if she had meat or milk, so they could buy it from her, but they did not find anything at her, And she said: If we had something, the villages would not need, and the people were (i.e. in the year of drought) So the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, looked and saw a sheep in the side of her tent, He, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: What is this sheep, Umm Ma’bad? She said: It is a sheep left behind by the “tiredness” of the sheep. He said: Is there any milk in it? She said: She is more tired than that, The Prophet said: Do you permit me to milk her? She said: - by My father and mother, if you see milk in her, milk her, The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, called for a sheep, so he wiped its udder, mentioned the name of God Almighty over it, and called for a vessel for it that satisfies the group (i.e. satiates the congregation) Surprised him (that is: she spread between her legs for milking) and turned, and he milked from it (Sila) big bowl until he filled it, And he sent it to her, and he gave it to her, and he watered his companions, and they drank all after Nahl (Al-Nahl is the first drink, and the all are the second drink) Until they (the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace) drank the last of them, and he said: The waiter of the people is the last of them drink, then he milked it again, back to the beginning, so they left him there, then they set out, Soon, her husband, Abu Ma'bad, came to drive lean goats: they moved with difficulty, when he saw the milk, he was astonished, He said, "Where does this milk come from, Umm Ma`bad, and there is no milk in the house? and the sheep is celibate? She said to him: No, by God, a blessed man passed by us, whose hadiths were so and so, He said: Describe him, for by God, I see him as the owner of the Quraish you are seeking.
The results of the Prophet's migration to Medina
1 - Building the great Islamic state and consolidating its pillars, creating a cohesive and cohesive Islamic society.
2 - Expansion of the Islamic call and its spread throughout the world through Islamic missions and preaching outside Medina.
3- The salvation of the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - and his honorable companions and those with them from among the Muslims from the harm, oppression and tyranny of the infidels that exceeded the limits.
4- Consolidating the concept of brotherhood between the Muhajireen and Ansar in Medina, and raising their awareness of its concept, so that the Islamic community would be coherent.
5 - Getting rid of and eliminating issues of revenge, wars and problems between the different tribes in Medina, spreading peace and tolerance among Muslims, and uniting them under the banner of Islam.
6 - The Almighty says (O people, indeed We created you from a male and a female, and We have made you into peoples and tribes, and you have knowledge of knowledge, and not the presence of the different colors and the believers. That acquaintance requires the transmission of culture from one tribe to another, and this is exactly what migration does, for language is only the transmission of culture, so what about the movement of people and their presence in a different place that takes and gives from their cultures.
7 - The issue of the emigration of the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him – has ended, and the door to emigration is opened to the Day of Judgment for those who suffer in their original homeland because of wars, famines, climate change, or other things. So let those who migrate for worldly reasons bring to mind these lofty meanings from the lessons of migration and realize their intentions what they did not realize in life circumstances.
Related Studies
The Health and Social Effects of Migration
Conditions affecting health in the country of origin and during the journey may include war, torture, loss of relatives, long stays in refugee camps (which may suffer from poor sanitation and overcrowding), imprisonment, and social and economic hardship. After arriving in the host country, migrants may face imprisonment, lengthy asylum application processes, language barriers, and a lack of knowledge of health services, Loss of social status, discrimination and marginalization. Christiansen and colleagues (2007) note that dealing with a new language, as well as a new political and social context can be very stressful. The impact of migration on the mental health of individuals depends on the magnitude of pressures in the receiving country and can be mediated by the social resources of the migrants (eg social networks, language skills, educational level, etc.).
Migration may also affect risk perception and risky behaviour. Feelings of loss and psychosocial issues related to low social status, unemployment, and being in a minority may lead to a sense of no link between current risky behavior and future health effects (i.e. migrants may have to focus on their current feelings instead of the future health effects of their current health behavior). For example, a new immigrant, separated from friends and family in an urban setting (feeling more anonymous and less constrained by social norms) may turn to prostitution or drugs as a way to escape loneliness, frustration, and social isolation
Migration also has health effects on the country the migrants left.
Individuals who migrate in search of economic opportunity may cause a “brain drain” in their country of origin, when a large number of individuals with technical skills or knowledge leave, which can drain local infrastructure. This particularly affects health care because there are often economic incentives for health care professionals to migrate.
It has long been demonstrated that the migration of health workers from developing to developed countries is exacerbating existing imbalances in the global health workforce and can cause deficiencies in the provision of services locally in developing countries (Mejia et al, 1979). This migration is often demand-driven when developed countries suffer from a shortage of medical professionals. Hagopian et al (2004) estimated that 23% of American physicians had their medical training outside the United States. The majority of foreign trained physicians (64%) in the United States came from middle or low income countries. In the UK, 31% of doctors and 13% of nurses were born abroad (Glover et al, 2001). While countries of origin may benefit from some remittances (such as repatriation of migrants' wages), the negative effects on developing countries largely outweigh these relatively small benefits. To address the problem of brain drain, Bang and colleagues (2002) recommended "a global perspective, ethical principles agreed upon between countries, and an organized approach using the collective power of international organizations."
finally
There are health implications of immigration in the host (destination) country.
Some host countries are concerned about the presence of infectious diseases in migrants, and screening of migrants (although it is a contentious human rights issue) has been adopted, to varying degrees, by many countries around the world (Paterson, 2003). While some immigrants may be generally healthier than the population (ie the "health immigrant" effect), other immigrants may have pre-existing health conditions that can overburden local health care systems. For example, increased retirement migration (where older people, who often need more health care, migrate to warmer destinations - such as Spain and Florida), can present a challenge to recipient health care systems.
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