1 - Saudi Arabia
Debates over the enforcement of the niqab never end in Saudi Arabia Some Saudis have argued that the state's requirement that women wear the garment amounts to an infringement of individual liberties.
Over the past few years, the kingdom has been gradually trying to shake off the legacy of the Awakening
Which dominated Saudi Arabia for about four decades, when controversial religious thought prevailed, supported by ultra-conservative religious figures, who enjoyed remarkable social and political influence
Niqab supporters camp
but she responded, rejecting the arguments of those who demand a woman's right to choose. They also denounced the demands to reconsider imposing the full veil on the face as a "violation of public norms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" and "a violation of legal norms, In their attempt to intimidate their opponents, they went so far as to accuse the supporters of the campaign of leading a foreign conspiracy to fight Islam and manipulate the morals of Saudi women.
In light of the new climate of more social freedoms, Saudi women have been wearing more colorful abayas in recent years, light blue and pink in stark contrast to the traditional black. Open abayas over long skirts or jeans are more common in parts of the kingdom.
in March 2018
The crown prince said women should choose for themselves whether they want to wear black robes and face coverings. Prince Mohammed said at the time.
A few months later ("#abaya_maqluba,"")
Saudi women have developed a new form of protest and the hashtag “#abaya_maqluba” on Twitter, which translates to “Abaya inside out” has given way, In a move largely described as creative and courageous. Saudi women at the time posted pictures of themselves wearing abayas, the long, loose robes that symbolize Islamic piety, as a form of objection to pressure on them to wear the dress. The campaign came two months after a similar campaign called on Saudi women to burn the niqab, the full veil. The move, considered "bold" and "original" by some activists, was controversial in ultra-conservative Saudi Arabia.
2 - Iran
Iranian dress code - What to wear in Iran like the locals
From the hijab to the chador and how to cover the upper and lower body, the dress code in Iran has its own rules. Two completely different forms of law were used, from opposing ideologies, to trying to control women and cover their hair and bodies in the last 90 years. It was the first attempt, the use of the veil was the subject of legislation in 1936 by the new king Reza Shah (1925-1941), who wanted to force women to remove their headscarves in public, By his order to "open the veil." The Shah's vision of modernity, influenced by Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, included changing what Iranian women wore.
From 1941 to 1979
There was no law ordering women to dress, but many women still wore the veil either as an expression against the monarchy or because their choices were restricted by patriarchal values, such as Namus (honour) and strict control over male family members.
The Islamic Revolution of 1979
He introduced the idea of the hijab law. On March 8, 1979, thousands of Iranian women marched through the streets protesting the idea of imposing the veil with slogans such as "Freedom to choose clothes." Wearing the hijab has become compulsory for all Iranian women
From April 1983
Since then, all women have been legally compelled to wear the hijab in public, even non-Muslims and foreigners visiting Iran.
In the 90s
The Islamic government introduced more legal measures and social restrictions to enforce mandatory veiling laws. Criminal punishment for those who violate the law began to be applied, and ranged from imprisonment to fines.
As of January 2018
According to this new decree, women who did not adhere to the Islamic dress no longer faced fines or imprisonment, but had to attend classes teaching Islam, "The women will no longer be transferred to detention centers, and no lawsuits will be filed against them," said local media reports, quoting Tehran Police Chief Gen. Hossein Rahimi.
What exactly is the crime of bad hijab in Iran?
The morality police, Qesht Ershad, usually escorted women to a police car and then to a classroom. The women are then required to sign a form stating that they will not commit the crime of "bad veiling" once again, they are forced to take part in a directive" organized by the police to learn how to respect Islamic values. This new order applies only in the capital, Tehran - but even there, women who repeatedly flout the dress code can be subject to legal action.
How to apply the law to Muslim women in Iran
In addition to the discriminatory aspects of the compulsory dress code, an important legal issue is that the offense of "bad veiling" or "indecent veiling" not specified by law. Because the law is drawn so loosely, enforcers like the morality police can choose to interpret it differently and oppress women in different ways.
3 - Afghanistan
The Taliban orders women to dress from head to toe in public,
Taliban officials announced
Women and girls were expected to stay at home, and if they had to go out, they wore loose, all-over clothing that revealed only their eyes— Preferably a burqa. The restrictions on women's movement and clothing are the toughest the Taliban have announced since they came to power in August, she pointed to the growing dominance of the group's hardline leaders, who appear to be behind the extended ban on most women and girls in secondary schools.
From 1996 to 2001
They imposed severe restrictions on women's dress and movement, and forbade most girls from attending school.
As well as penalties for the woman's guardian
The directive for clothing for women and teenage girls came from the Taliban's acting minister of virtue and the prevention of vice, a well-known hardliner, Khaled Hanafi. "We want our sisters to live in dignity and safety," he said. However, it was not clear what the legislative stages were, It will not be the woman who will be punished, but her male guardians. Her brother, father, husband or son will be tasked with enforcing the rules, and will be held accountable if she breaks them. Punishments range from several days in jail to being fired from their jobs.
Ordered Taliban leaders in Afghanistan
All Afghan women must dress from head to toe in public — a blunt hardline axis that underscored rights activists' worst fears and was bound to further complicate the Taliban's dealings with an already distrustful international community.
The decree stipulates that
Women were to leave the home only when necessary and male relatives would face punishment—ranging from summons and escalating to court hearings and imprisonment—for violating women's dress codes.
The Taliban had previously decided not to reopen schools for girls above the sixth grade
Reneging on an earlier promise and choosing to appease their hardline base at the cost of further alienating the international community. But the decree is not widely supported among a divided leadership between pragmatists and hardliners. The decision has disrupted the Taliban's efforts to win recognition from potential international donors at a time when the country is mired in a deepening humanitarian crisis. Hashmi said the religiously oriented Taliban administration feared moving on proceeding with girls' enrollment beyond sixth grade could alienate their rural base. In the capital, Kabul, private schools and universities are operating without interruption.