بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ( 1 ) الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ( 2 ) الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ( 3 ) مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ( 4 ) إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ( 5 ) اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ ( 6 ) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا الضَّالِّينَ ( 7 )
First: General information about the Holy Surah
Sura
Mecca
The names of the surah
1- Al-Fatihah, because it opens the reading in the prayers
2- The Mother of the Book (because it begin by writing it in the Qur’an, and begins by reciting it in prayer)
3 - Praise
4 - Healing
5 - Protective
6 - that suffices
7 - The basis of the Qur'an
8 - The Seven Seconds
8 - The Seven Doubles
Al-Tabari said
The Arabs used to call every collector an order or a provider for an order “mother” then you say to the lash that collects the brain, the head's mother, and they are called the Army Brigade and their flag under which they gather ( mother).
Dhul-Rimah said
On his head is a mother for us to imitate * All matters to which we do not disobey
Imam Ahmad narrated on the authority of Abu Hurayrah on the authority of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace
He said about the mother of the Qur’an: it is the mother of the Qur’an, and it is the seven Doubles, and it is the Great Qur’an.” Ibn Jarir also narrated it similarly
What does the surah include?
1 - Unity of Divinity
It is to single out God for worship, taken from the word: (God) and from his saying: (You only we worship)
The Tawheed of the Names and Attributes, which is affirming the attributes of perfection for God Almighty, which He affirmed for Himself, and His Messenger affirmed it for him without falsification, representation, or likeness, this is indicated by the word (praise) as mentioned above, It included proof of prophecy in his saying: (Guide us to the straight path) because that is impossible without the message.
2- Evidence of the penalty for actions
In his saying: (owner of the Day of Judgment) and that the reward is just, because religion means reward with justice.
It included proof of destiny, and that the slave is a real doer, in contrast to qadriah and gabriah, rather, it included the response to all the people of heresy [and misguidance] In his saying: (guide us to the straight path) because knowing the truth and acting upon it. Every innovator [and misguided] is contrary to that.
3 - It included the devotion of religion to God Almighty
Worship and seeking help in His saying: (You do we worship and You we seek help) Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds.
Second, explain the verses
In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful (1)
(God): He is the one who is worshiped, who deserves to be singled out for worship, It is characterized by the attributes of divinity, which are the attributes of perfection
(The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful): Two names indicate that He is the Almighty, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, which encompasses everything, permeates every neighborhood, and wrote it for the righteous who follow His prophets.
and his messengers. They have absolute mercy, and those who counted them have a share of it. God - the Most High - made it a sunnah for all of His creatures to follow.
And a path that they follow on it, in the opening of their first logic and the issuance of their letters, books and needs
Abu Kreib told us
He said: Othman bin Saeed told us, he said: Bishr bin Amarah told us, he said: Abu Ruq told us, on the authority of Ad-Dahhak, on the authority of Abdullah bin Abbas, he said: The first thing that Gabriel revealed to Muhammad, He said: O Muhammad, say: I seek refuge in the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from the accursed Satan, then he said: Say in the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. He said: Gabriel said to him: Say in the name of God, O Muhammad. He says: Read In the remembrance of God, your Lord, and stand up and sit in the remembrance of God.
Ibn Abbas said
“In the name of God,” Gabriel says to him: O Muhammad, read in the remembrance of God, your Lord, and stand up and sit in the remembrance of God.
"Allah"
From the words of the Arabs, its origin is “God”.
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
(Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds) (2)
Praise be to God with the attributes of perfection, and with his actions that revolve between virtue and justice, so to Him is complete praise, in all aspects of the Lord, He is the educator of all the worlds - They are none other than God - by His creation and His endowment of great blessings upon them, which if they were lost, they would not be able to survive. What is their blessing, it is from the Almighty, and evidence of his saying (Lord of the worlds) for His uniqueness in creation, management, and blessings, and the perfection of His riches, and the complete poverty of the worlds to Him, with every face and admonition.
The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said
“If you say, “Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds,” then you have thanked God, and He has increased you.
On the authority of Mubarak bin Fadalah, on the authority of Al-Hassan, on the authority of Al-Aswad bin Saree
The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “There is nothing more beloved to Him than God Almighty, and for that He praised Himself and said: Praise be to God.”
الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ( 3 )
Most Gracious, Most Merciful (3)
Abu Jaafar said: As for the Most Merciful, He is “two actions”, the one who has mercy, and the Most Merciful is the one who is dependent on him,
Othman bin Zafar told us, he said:
I heard Al-Arzmi say “The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful: Al Rahman” He said: “The Most Gracious of all creation.” “The Most Merciful: Al - Raheem” He said: To the believers.
On the authority of Abu Saeed, meaning Al-Khudri, he said
The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Indeed, Jesus, son of Mary, said: Ar-Rahman: Most Merciful of the Hereafter and this world, and Ar-Rahim: Most Merciful of the Hereafter. God Almighty has singled out the believers for His mercy in this world and the Hereafter, with what He and the unbelievers have blinded them in this world, of favor and benevolence to all of them, in extending sustenance, harnessing the clouds with rain, and bringing plants out of the earth, and the health of bodies and minds, and all the countless blessings that believers and unbelievers share in. Our Lord, may His praise be exalted, is Most Merciful of all His creatures in this world and the Hereafter, and Merciful to the believers, especially in this world and the Hereafter.
As for what he singled out for them in the Hereafter
He was merciful to them rather than the unbelievers. We did not describe above what was prepared for them without others of bliss and dignity that aspirations fall short of.
مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ( 4 )
(The owner of the Day of Judgment) (4)
The owner: He is the one who is characterized by the quality of the king, one of the effects of which is that he commands and forbids, rewards and punishes, and disposes of his slaves in all kinds of actions, and the king added to the Day of Judgment, which is the Day of Resurrection, a day when people will be judged for their deeds, good and bad, because on that day, people appear fully, The perfection of his kingdom, justice and wisdom, and the interruption of the possessions of creatures. even [He] on that day, kings, subjects, slaves, and freemen are equal.
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ( 5 )
(You alone we worship and You alone we seek help) (5)
That is: We single out you alone for worship and seeking help, because giving precedence to what is done is beneficial to limitation, which is to confirm the ruling for the aforementioned, and to negate it for everything else. It is as if he says: We worship you, And we do not worship anyone but You, and we seek help from You, and we do not seek help from anyone other than You, out of preference for the general over the specific, and out of interest in giving priority to His right over the right of His servant, because the servant in all his acts of worship needs to seek the help of God Almighty. For if God does not help him, he will not get what he wants from doing orders and avoiding prohibitions.
اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ ( 6 )
(Guide us to the straight path) (6)
That is: guide us and grant us success to the straight path, which is the clear path that leads to God and His Paradise, which is knowing the truth and acting according to it, so guide us to the path, this is adherence to the religion of Islam, abandoning other religions, and guidance on the path, which includes guidance for all religious details, knowledge and action, This supplication is one of the most comprehensive and most beneficial supplications for the servant, and that is why a person must supplicate to God with it in every rak’ah of his prayer, due to his necessity to do so, It is the path of: the prophets, the Al sedeqqin: who's exaggerated in honesty, the martyrs, and the righteous
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا الضَّالِّينَ ( 7 )
(The path of those whom You have bestowed favor, not of those with whom You anger on them, nor of those who have gone astray) (7) Those who knew the truth and left it. And change the path of (the lost) who left the truth in ignorance and misguidance.
And His saying: The path of those whom You have bestowed a clear indication of the straight path, that is, the straight path, since every path of truth is a straight path, then it was said to Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace: Say, O Muhammad: Guide us, O our Lord, to the straight path, the path of those whom You have bestowed upon, through Your obedience and worship of Your angels, and your prophets, and the righteous, and the martyrs, and the righteous. and that is similar to what our Lord, may His praise be to Him, said in His Revelation: If they had done what they are admonished with, it would have been better for them and stronger fixing , And We do give them a great reward from Us and We have guided them to a straight path, And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, they are With those whom God has blessed among the prophets, the truthful ones, the martyrs and the righteous.
And Ibn Hamid al-Razi told us, he said
Mahran told us, on the authority of Sufyan, on the authority of Mujahid, he said: Other than the angry ones, he said: They are the Jews.
On the authority of Ismail bin Abi Khaled, on the authority of Al-Shaabi, on the authority of Uday bin Abi Hatim
He said: The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: Not even those who have gone astray. He said: “The Christians.”
On the authority of Jabir bin Abdullah Al-Ansari, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said
God Almighty said: I divided the prayer between and between my servant two halves, and he shall have what he asked for, so if the servant says: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds. God said: My servant has praised me, and when the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, says, He says: my servant commendate me, and when he says: Owner of the Day of Judgment, he says: My servant has glorified Me, he says: This is mine and he has what remains.
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