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Surat Al-Fatihah: Page No. (1)

تاريخ التحديث: ٢٧ ديسمبر ٢٠٢٤

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ( 1 ) الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ( 2 ) الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ( 3 ) مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ( 4 ) إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ( 5 ) اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ ( 6 ) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا الضَّالِّينَ ( 7 )
أولاً: معلومات عامة عن السورة الكريمة
السورة

مكية

أسماء السورة

1- سورة الفاتحة، لأنها تفتتح القراءة في الصلوات


2- أم الكتاب (لأنها تبدأ بكتابتها في القرآن، وتبدأ بتلاوة آياتها في الصلاة)


3- الحمد


4- الشفاء


5- الحماية


6- الكفاية


7- أساس القرآن


8- السبع المثاني

قال الطبري

كانت العرب تسمي كل جامع أمر أو مقدم لأمر "أم" ثم تقول للسوط الذي يجمع الدماغ أم الرأس، ويسمون لواء الجيش وعلمهم الذي يجتمعون تحته (أم).

"وروى الإمام أحمد عن أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم
أنه قال عن أم القرآن: هي أم القرآن، وهي السبع المثاني، وهي القرآن العظيم" ورواه ابن جرير كذلك.
ماذا تتضمن السورة؟
1- توحيد الألوهية

وهو إفراد الله بالعبادة، مأخوذ من كلمة: (الله) ومن قوله: (إياك نعبد)


أ2 - توحيد الأسماء والصفات

وهو إثبات صفات الكمال لله تعالى، التي أثبتها لنفسه، وأثبتها له رسوله من غير تحريف ولا تمثيل ولا تمثيل، ويدل على ذلك كلمة (الحمد) كما تقدم، وقد تضمن إثبات النبوة في قوله: (اهدنا الصراط المستقيم) لأن ذلك محال بدون الرسالة.


3- تضمن إخلاص الدين لله تعالى

العبادة والاستعانة في قوله تعالى: (إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ) الحمد لله رب العالمين.

ثانياً: شرح الآيات
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم (1)


(الله): هو المعبود المستحق أن يختص بالعبادة، وهو متصف بصفات الألوهية التي هي صفات الكمال


(الرحمن الرحيم): اسمان يدلان على أنه تعالى الرحمن الرحيم الذي وسع كل شيء، وعم كل حي، وكتبه للمتقين الذين يتبعون أنبياءه.


ورسله. لهم الرحمة المطلقة، ولمن أحصاهم نصيب منها. جعلها الله -تعالى- سنة لجميع خلقه أن يتبعوها.


وطريق يسلكونه عليه في فتح منطقهم الأول وإصدار رسائلهم وكتبهم وحاجاتهم


حدثنا أبو كريب ، قال

حدثنا عثمان بن سعيد ، قال : حدثنا بشر بن عمارة ، قال : حدثنا أبو روق ، عن الضحاك ، عن عبد الله بن عباس ، قال : أول ما نزل جبريل على محمد قال : "يا محمد استعذ ، قل : أستعيذ بالسميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم " ، ثم قال : قل : "بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم " ، ثم قال : ( اقرأ باسم ربك الذي خلق ) [ العلق : 1 ] . قال عبد الله : وهي أول سورة أنزلها الله على محمد بلسان جبريل .

عن ابن عباس

أن أول ما نزل جبريل على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم علمه الاستعاذة

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

الحمد لله بصفات الكمال، وبأفعاله التي تدور بين الفضيلة والعدل، فله الحمد التام، من جميع وجوه الرب، فهو المربي للعالمين أجمعين -وهم الله- بخلقه وإغداقه عليهم نعماً عظيمة لو فُقِدوا لما استطاعوا نجاة، فما هي نعمته عليهم، فهي من عنده تعالى، ودليل قوله (رب العالمين) على تفرده بالخلق والتدبير والنعمة وكمال غناه، وفقر العالمين إليه، بكل وجه وموعظة.

قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم

"إذا قلت الحمد لله رب العالمين فقد حمدت الله وزادك".

عن المبارك بن فضالة، عن الحسن، عن الأسود بن سريع

قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «ليس شيء أحب إليه من الله عز وجل، ولذلك حمد نفسه وقال: الحمد لله».


الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ (3)

قال أبو جعفر أما الرحمن فهو "فعلان" الذي يرحم، والرحيم هو الذي يعتمد عليه، حدثنا عثمان بن ظفر قال: سمعت العرزمي يقول "الرحمن الرحيم: الرحمن" قال: "رحمن الخلق أجمعين". "الرحيم: الرحيم" قال: للمؤمنين.

عن أبي سعيد يعني الخدري قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

إن عيسى ابن مريم قال: الرحمن: رحيم الآخرة والدنيا، والرحيم: رحيم الآخرة، وقد خص الله تعالى المؤمنين برحمته في الدنيا والآخرة بما عمّاهم هو والكافرون في الدنيا من الفضل والإحسان إليهم أجمعين، في بسط الأرزاق، وتسخير السحاب بالمطر، وإخراج النبات من الأرض، وصحة الأبدان والعقول، وسائر النعم التي لا تحصى التي يشترك فيها المؤمنون والكافرون، وربنا جل ثناؤه أرحم خلقه في الدنيا والآخرة، ورحيم بالمؤمنين خاصة في الدنيا والآخرة.

أما ما اختصهم به في الآخرة

كان بهم رحيماً دون الكافرين، ولم نصف أعلاه ما أعد لهم دون غيرهم من النعيم والكرامة التي تقصر عنها الآمال.

مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ( 4 )

المالك: هو الذي اتصف بصفة الملك، التي من آثارها أنه يأمر وينهى، ويجازي ويعاقب، ويتصرف في عبيده في أنواع الأفعال، والملك مضاف إلى يوم القيامة، وهو يوم القيامة، يوم يحاسب الناس على أعمالهم، خيرها وشرّها، لأن الناس في ذلك اليوم يظهرون كاملين، وكمال ملكه، وعدله وحكمته، وانقطاع أملاك الخلائق. حتى [هو] في ذلك اليوم يتساوى الملوك والرعية والعبيد والأحرار.

 اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ ( 6 )

أي: اهدنا ووفقنا إلى الصراط المستقيم، وهو الطريق الواضح الموصل إلى الله وجنته، وهو معرفة الحق والعمل به، فاهدنا الطريق، وهو التمسك بدين الإسلام وترك غيره من الأديان، والهداية على الطريق، التي تتضمن الهداية إلى كل تفصيل ديني، علماً وعملاً، وهذا الدعاء من أجمع الأدعية وأنفعها للعبد، ولهذا يجب على الإنسان أن يدعو الله به في كل ركعة من صلاته لضرورة ذلك، وهو طريق: النبيين، والصديقين: المبالغين في الصدق، والشهداء، والصالحين.

صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا الضَّالِّينَ ( 7 )

وقوله: صراط الذين أنعمت مبينا أي الصراط المستقيم إذ كل طريق حق صراط مستقيم، ثم قيل لمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: قل يا محمد اهدنا ربنا الصراط المستقيم صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم بطاعتك وعبادة ملائكتك وأنبيائك والصالحين والشهداء والصالحين، وذلك شبيه بما قاله ربنا سبحانه في وحيه: ولو أنهم فعلوا ما يوعظون به لكان خيرا لهم وأشد تثبيتا، ولآتيناهم من عندنا أجرا عظيما وهديناهم إلى صراط مستقيم، ومن يطع الله والرسول فأولئك مع الذين أنعم الله عليهم من النبيين والصديقين والشهداء والصالحين.

"وحدثنا ابن حامد الرازي قال

حدثنا مهران عن سفيان عن مجاهد قال غير المغضوب عليهم قال هم اليهود عن إسماعيل بن أبي خالد عن الشعبي عن عدي بن أبي حاتم قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا الضالون قال النصارى عن جابر بن عبد الله الأنصاري قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

قال الله عز وجل

قسمت الصلاة بين عبدي نصفين فله ما سأل فإذا قال العبد: الحمد لله رب العالمين قال الله: أثنى علي عبدي، وإذا قال الرحمن الرحيم قال: أثنى علي عبدي، وإذا قال مالك يوم الدين قال: مجَّدني عبدي، قال: هذا لي وله ما بقي.

First: General information about the Holy Surah
the Sura

Meccan

The names of the surah

1- Al-Fatihah, because it opens the reading in the prayers

2- The Mother of the Book (because it begin by writing it in the Qur’an, and begins by reciting it in prayer)

  3 - Praise

   4 - Healing

5 - Protective

6 - that suffices

7 - The basis of the Qur'an

8 - The Seven Seconds

8 - The Seven Doubles

Al-Tabari said

The Arabs used to call every collector an order or a provider for an order “mother” then you say to the lash that collects the brain, the head's mother, and they are called the Army Brigade and their flag under which they gather (mother).

Dhul-Rimah said

On his head is a mother for us to imitate * All matters to which we do not disobey

Imam Ahmad narrated on the authority of Abu Hurayrah on the authority of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace


He said about the mother of the Qur’an: it is the mother of the Qur’an, and it is the seven Doubles, and it is the Great Qur’an.” Ibn Jarir also narrated it similarly

What does the surah include?
1 - Unity of Divinity

  It is to single out God for worship, taken from the word: (God) and from his saying: (You only we worship)

The Tawheed of the Names and Attributes, which is affirming the attributes of perfection for God Almighty, which He affirmed for Himself, and His Messenger affirmed it for him without falsification, representation, or likeness, this is indicated by the word (praise) as mentioned above, It included proof of prophecy in his saying: (Guide us to the straight path) because that is impossible without the message.


2- The evidence of the penalty for actions

  In his saying: (owner of the Day of Judgment) and that the reward is just, because religion means reward with justice.

It included proof of destiny, and that the slave is a real doer, in contrast to qadriah and gabriah, rather, it included the response to all the people of heresy [and misguidance] In his saying: (guide us to the straight path) because knowing the truth and acting upon it. Every innovator [and misguided] is contrary to that.


3 - It included the devotion of religion to God Almighty

  Worship and seeking help in His saying: (You do we worship and you we seek help) Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds.

Second, explain the verses

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful (1)

  (God): He is the one who is worshiped, who deserves to be singled out for worship, It is characterized by the attributes of divinity, which are the attributes of perfection


(The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful): Two names indicate that He is the Almighty, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, which encompasses everything, permeates every neighborhood, and wrote it for the righteous who follow His prophets.


and his messengers. They have absolute mercy, and those who counted them have a share of it. God - the Most High - made it a sunnah for all of His creatures to follow.


And a path that they follow on it, in the opening of their first logic and the issuance of their letters, books and needs

Abu Kreib told us

He said: Othman bin Saeed told us, he said: Bishr bin Amarah told us, he said: Abu Ruq told us, on the authority of Ad-Dahhak, on the authority of Abdullah bin Abbas, he said: The first thing that Gabriel revealed to Muhammad, He said: O Muhammad, say: I seek refuge in the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from the accursed Satan, then he said: Say in the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. He said: Gabriel said to him: Say in the name of God, O Muhammad. He says: Read in the Remembrance of God, your Lord, and stand up and sit in the remembrance of God.

Ibn Abbas said

  “In the name of God,” Gabriel says to him: O Muhammad, read in the remembrance of God, your Lord, and stand up and sit in the remembrance of God.

"Allah"

  From the words of the Arabs, its origin is “God”.

 الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

(Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds) (2)

Praise be to God with the attributes of perfection, and with his actions that revolve between virtue and justice, so to Him is complete praise, in all aspects of the Lord, He is the educator of all the worlds - They are none other than God - by His creation and His endowment of great blessings upon them, which if they were lost, they would not be able to survive. What is their blessing, it is from the Almighty, and evidence of his saying (Lord of the worlds) for His uniqueness in creation, management, and blessings, and the perfection of His riches, and the complete poverty of the worlds to Him, with every face and admonition.


The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said

  “If you say, “Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds,” then you have thanked God, and He has increased you.

On the authority of Mubarak bin Fadalah, on the authority of Al-Hassan, on the authority of Al-Aswad bin Saree

  The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “There is nothing more beloved to Him than God Almighty, and for that He praised Himself and said: Praise be to God.”

الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ( 3 )

Most Gracious, Most Merciful (3)

Abu Jaafar said: As for the Most Merciful, He is “two actions”, the one who has mercy, and the Most Merciful is the one who is dependent on him,

Othman bin Zafar told us, he said:

I heard Al-Arzmi say “The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful: Al Rahman” He said: “The Most Gracious of all creation.” “The Most Merciful: Al - Raheem” He said: To the believers.


On the authority of Abu Saeed, meaning Al-Khudri, he said

  The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “Indeed, Jesus, son of Mary, said: Ar-Rahman: Most Merciful of the Hereafter and this world, and Ar-Rahim: Most Merciful of the Hereafter. God Almighty has singled out the believers for His mercy in this world and the Hereafter, with what He and the unbelievers have blinded them in this world, of favor and benevolence to all of them, in extending sustenance, harnessing the clouds with rain, and bringing plants out of the earth, and the health of bodies and minds, and all the countless blessings that believers and unbelievers share in. Our Lord, may His praise be exalted, is Most Merciful of all His creatures in this world and the Hereafter, and Merciful to the believers, especially in this world and the Hereafter.

As for what he singled out for them in the Hereafter

  He was merciful to them rather than the unbelievers. We did not describe above what was prepared for them without others of bliss and dignity that aspirations fall short of.

مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ( 4 )

(The owner of the Day of Judgment) (4)


The owner: He is the one who is characterized by the quality of the king, one of the effects of which is that he commands and forbids, rewards and punishes, and disposes of his slaves in all kinds of actions, and the king added to the Day of Judgment, which is the Day of Resurrection, a day when people will be judged for their deeds, good and bad, because on that day, people appear fully, The perfection of his kingdom, justice and wisdom, and the interruption of the possessions of creatures. even [He] on that day, kings, subjects, slaves, and freemen are equal.

 إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ( 5 )

(You alone we worship and You alone we seek help) (5)


That is: We single out you alone for worship and seeking help, because giving precedence to what is done is beneficial to limitation, which is to confirm the ruling for the aforementioned, and to negate it for everything else. It is as if he says: We worship you, And we do not worship anyone but You, and we seek help from You, and we do not seek help from anyone other than You, out of preference for the general over the specific, and out of interest in giving priority to His right over the right of His servant, because the servant in all his acts of worship needs to seek the help of God Almighty. For if God does not help him, he will not get what he wants from doing orders and avoiding prohibitions.

 اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ ( 6 )

(Guide us to the straight path) (6)

That is: guide us and grant us success to the straight path, which is the clear path that leads to God and His Paradise, which is knowing the truth and acting according to it, so guide us to the path, this is adherence to the religion of Islam, abandoning other religions, and guidance on the path, which includes guidance for all religious details, knowledge and action, This supplication is one of the most comprehensive and most beneficial supplications for the servant, and that is why a person must supplicate to God with it in every rak’ah of his prayer, due to his necessity to do so, It is the path of: the prophets, the Al sedeqqin: who's exaggerated in honesty, the martyrs, and the righteous

صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا الضَّالِّينَ ( 7 )

(The path of those whom You have bestowed favor, not of those with whom You anger on them, nor of those who have gone astray) (7) Those who knew the truth and left it. And change the path of (the lost) who left the truth in ignorance and misguidance.


And His saying: The path of those whom You have bestowed a clear indication of the straight path, that is, the straight path, since every path of truth is a straight path, then it was said to Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace: Say, O Muhammad: Guide us, O our Lord, to the straight path, the path of those whom You have bestowed upon, through Your obedience and worship of Your angels, and your prophets, and the righteous, and the martyrs, and the righteous. and that is similar to what our Lord, may His praise be to Him, said in His Revelation: If they had done what they are admonished with, it would have been better for them and stronger fixing , And We do give them a great reward from Us and We have guided them to a straight path, And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, they are With those whom God has blessed among the prophets, the truthful ones, the martyrs and the righteous.

And Ibn Hamid al-Razi told us, he said

  Mahran told us, on the authority of Sufyan, on the authority of Mujahid, he said: Other than the angry ones, he said: They are the Jews.

On the authority of Ismail bin Abi Khaled, on the authority of Al-Shaabi, on the authority of Uday bin Abi Hatim

  He said: The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: Not even those who have gone astray. He said: “The Christians.”

On the authority of Jabir bin Abdullah Al-Ansari, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said

  God Almighty said: I divided the prayer between and between my servant two halves, and he shall have what he asked for, so if the servant says: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds. God said: My servant has praised me, and when the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, says, He says: my servant commendate me, and when he says: Owner of the Day of Judgment, he says: My servant has glorified Me, he says: This is mine and he has what remains.

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Al Baqarah: page 6 البقرة صفحة

وَإِذۡ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٞ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ خَلِيفَةٗۖ قَالُوٓاْ أَتَجۡعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفۡسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسۡفِكُ...

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