The Alms ( Al - Zakat)

The eight types of zakat

Allah says

۞ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۖ فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (60)

۞ Alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who collect them, and those who have recently entered Islam, and who are freed from slavery, And those in debt, and in the cause of God, and the wayfarer, an obligation from God, and God is Knowing, Wise (60)

(1)The poor and the needy

poor in language

The poor among the people: the one who has only the least sustenance

poor in terminology

He who does not have the sustenance of his year neither power nor action

The needy He who has nothing of money, is worse off than the poor.

the needy in terminology

For the one who does not find his strength, and it was said: He is the one who does not have the sustenance of his day, and the poor is the one who does not have the sustenance of his year, but in any case their rule is one.

 ( 2 ) Zakat workers

They are the ones who collect zakat, and they are not required to describe poverty, rather they give from it even if they are rich.

It is included in the workers who receive zakat

Charitable bodies entrusted and licensed by the state to collect and distribute zakat, similar to charitable bodies and Islamic centers outside the countries of the Islamic world that are authorized to do so, or delegated by the Muslim community. Voluntary entities are not included in the entitlement from the employee’s bank for zakat, Individual volunteers, even if they are authorized to collect and distribute zakat. finish.

( 3 ) The newly entered Islam

 They are those who have recently entered Islam and give from the zakat in order to soften their hearts, and the view of the majority of jurists is that this share remains and has not been forfeited, i disagreement among the jurists in that Is there a text from the Qur’an or the Sunnah that contradicts the text on those whose hearts are to be softened?

The answer to that is undoubtedly a definitive negation, so how can it be claimed that a ruling was abrogated by an explicit verse from the Book of God, and the era of the message has passed while it is an arbitrary one that is in force?

Ibn Hazm said

“It is not permissible for a Muslim who believes in God and the Last Day to say in anything from the Qur’an and Sunnah: This is abrogated, except with certainty. because God Almighty says: (And We did not send any messenger except that he should be obeyed by God’s permission) (An-Nisa: 64).

He said the Almighty

(Follow what has been revealed to you from your Lord) (Al-A’raf: 3).

(4) in the necks ( The slaves)

 They are in three forms

The first: Muslim correspondents: they suffer to have their necks loosened

The second: the emancipation of a Muslim slave

The third: the Muslim prisoners

 The writer rule

On the authority of Abu Hurairah, may God be pleased with him, that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: ((Three are all entitled to Allah's help: the one who invades in the way of Allah, and the writer that wants to perform, and the chaste bride))

 The captive rule

He freed a slave from captivity, and he freed a slave from slavery.

  That there is honor in it for the religion, so it is like turning it over to those whose newly entered Islam, because he pays him to the captive in order to free his neck, so it is similar to what he pays to the debtor in order to free his neck from debt manumission of a slave.

 On the authority of Ibn Abbas, may God be pleased with him, he said: (Set a manumission from the zakat of your money

The face of indication

It is the saying of a Companion, and it is the highest of what came in the chapter, and it is the most appropriate to follow, and the most knowledgeable of interpretation.

( 5 ) The debtors

And the debtors are the plural of debtors, which is: the one who owes a debt, and they are divided into two:

1 - He is liable for his own benefit

Like if you are in debt for alimony, clothing, marriage, housing, illness, and so on.

It's rule

One of the conditions for giving him zakat is that he is in need of what the debt is spent on, so he is given from it, and the same applies if he does not have anything, but he is able to work and earn, so that does not prevent him from giving zakat, but if he is rich and able to pay off the debt, he is not given from zakat and it is not required, hat this debtor be empty-handed until he is given from the zakat, the scholars have stated that it is not considered housing, clothing and bedding, utensils and other necessities of life prevent him from giving him what he owes his debt, 2- A fine for the benefit of society or for the benefit of others

They are the ones who are reconcile the quarrels.

 ( 6 )For God's sake

What is meant by this is giving the invaders volunteers for jihad, as well as spending in the interest of war and everything that the jihad order needs

Abbreviation for God's sake

 The most likely meaning of spending (for the sake of God) in the verse of zakat is jihad, but jihad is not limited to military jihad alone.

 But it includes various and multiple forms of jihad for the sake of God. As for giving to charitable organizations from zakat, it is given from the share of the poor and the needy, not from the share (for the sake of God).

One day the Companions were with the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and they saw a strong young man, and they said: If only his youth and fortitude were for the sake of God? (Al-Mundhiri said in al-Targheeb: It was narrated by al-Tabarani and its narrators are the men of al-Sahih, vol.

 Many hadiths were authenticated on the authority of the Messenger and his companions, indicating that the meaning of the word “the path of God” is jihad.

 As Omar said in the authentic hadith: “I was mounted on a horse for the sake of God,” meaning in jihad. And the hadeeth of the two sheikhs: “For a morning in the cause of God or a retun is better than the world and what is in it.”

(7) The wayfarer is

He is the passing traveler whose expenses have been emptied, so he is given what he takes to his country

The traveler whose travel is interrupted, i.e. he does not have enough money to spend on his travels, so he is given from zakat what reaches him his destination

As for the one who is in his own country and wants to travel, he is not a wayfarer, so he is not given zakat for this description, but if his travel was for an urgent need, such as treatment for example, and he does not have money to travel with, He is given from the zakat from the share of the poor, not from the share of the wayfarer, and the wayfarer is given for his need, and it is not a condition that he does not have money.

That's why we say

  The wayfarer, we give him, even if he is in his country one of the richest people, if the journey is interrupted by him. Because in this case he is in need, and it is not said: You are rich, so take a loan, so he is given what he takes to his country, and this differs, so he looks at his condition so that there is no anger and insult to him.

 If he is used to first class, should he be given first class or economy class?

This is subject to hesitation, and it is likely that he is given what does not diminish his value.