The first migration in Islam
The first migration took place two years after the call to prayer had been announced and five years after the Messenger was sent.
Allah says
إنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا ۚ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا
Those whom the angels took who had wronged themselves, they said, “What did you do?” They said, “We were weak by others in the land, they said: does the land of God was not wide, so you should migrate in it, So their abode is Hell, and this is the most bad fate
The reason for the first migration to Abyssinia
The number of Muslims increased day by day, faith appeared, and Islam spread in Mecca, so the infidels of Quraysh were upset by the Muslims’ sense of safety, and they entrusted their affairs to their tribes, to torture those who were tormented, and imprisoned those who imprisoned, The man is tortured by his relatives and imprisoned for keeping him away from his religion if they can. The Muslims complained to the Messenger of what had befallen them, so he authorized them to emigrate to the country of Abyssinia, and he said to them: If you go out to Abyssinia and there is an King in whose presence no one is wronged before him, for fear of fitnah. This was the first migration in Islam.
Who is the Negus king of Abyssinia?
Negus is the title of king in Abyssinia, not his personal name. He was an emperor or Negus of Aksum during the era of the Prophet Muhammad. He took power at the age of 9 after the death of his uncle with a thunderbolt. After years of his rule, his justice spread, and his good biography went everywhere.
How many Muslims who emigrated the first migration of Abyssinia?
There are different accounts that indicate the number of Muslims who migrated to Abyssinia in the first migration. Some of them indicated that their number was ten men and two women, In another narration it indicated that their number was twelve men and two women, and a third narrator says that they were eleven men and four women.
The scholars have suggested that the third narration is the most sound
Their names were mentioned in the writings of Imam Ibn Kathir, and at their head in this migration was Uthman bin Affan and his wife Ruqayya, the daughter of the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace.
and Othman bin Muta'un
Zubair bin Al-Awwam
Suhail bin Bida
Abu Salama bin Abdul-Assad and his wife
Musab bin Omair
Abu Hudhayfah bin Utbah and his wife
Abdul Rahman bin Auf
Amer bin Rabia Al-Anzi and his wife
Abdullah bin Masood
Hatib bin Amr and Abu Sirat bin Abi dirhams.
The way they migrated to Abyssinia
We will stop a lot of thinking about the way the Muslims took in their migration to Abyssinia, as it is a difficult path, and contains dangers that cannot be avoided,
The Muslims, whose number does not exceed 16, arrived at the port of "Al-Shuaiba, which is today closest to the port of Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located on the Red Sea, Which was called the Qurum Sea at that time, and while they were on their way to the port, the polytheists of Quraish tried to catch up with them, but God’s help and care for them prevented that, so they boarded two ships, each of them paid half a dinar for it, and headed south to stop on the Sudanese island of Eri, called the Wind Island, with the aim of providing and comfort, the people of the island received the immigrants warmly, then the immigrant Muslims completed their journey to the port of "Adulis, It is located south of the city called today "Massawa", which is one of the cities of Eritrea today, and it is the official port of Abyssinia at that time.
Glimpses of the lives of Muslims who emigrated, the first migration to Abyssinia (example, not count)
Lady Ruqayyah, the daughter of the Messenger of God, and Sayyid Uthman bin Affan, her husband
she was nicknamed
(Umm Abdullah)
The friend of the two migrations (i.e. the migration of Abyssinia and the migration of Medina).
And when Uthman bin Affan wanted to go to the land of Abyssinia, the Messenger of God said to him: “Take out a telegram with you.” He said: I think one of you is patient with his companion. Then the Prophet sent Asma bint Abi Bakr - may God be pleased with them both - and said: “Bring me their news.” Asmaa went back to the Prophet, and Abu Bakr was with him, and she said: O Messenger of God, bring out a donkey that is tied up and carry her on it, and he took her to the sea. The Messenger of God said: “Oh, Abu Bakr, they are the first to emigrate after Lot and Abraham, peace and blessings be upon them.
In the second year of migration, Ruqayya fell ill Peace be upon her, and the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, was preparing at that time to go out to Badr, so Othman and Osama bin Zaid ordered to stay to take care of her when she was sick, She died when Zaid bin Haritha arrived with the good news of the Muslims' victory in the Battle of Badr, and she died at the age of 22, and was buried in Al-Baqi' in Medina.
Ruqayya was born in Abyssinia to Uthman
A son named Abdullah, and Othman was nicknamed by him, and the boy was 6 years old and pecked his eye, a rooster, his face swollen and fell ill, and he died in Jumada al-Ula in the year 4 AH. His grandfather, the Prophet of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, prayed for him. The Messenger and his father, Othman, went down in his grave, and his death was two years after the death of his mother, Ruqayya.
In response to the story
1 - The young bride - Ruqayya, the daughter of the Messenger of God - died during the life of the Messenger, and when specifically on the day of the Muslims' victory at Badr, and what does this mean? It means that the joy of the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, the father and the leader - was not complete at one time in his life - always a broken joy. Can you imagine his return from Badr in the glory of victory, hearing the news of the death of the most beloved people to him?
2 - Even the child that smelled of her died two years later and the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - bury him himself, and what is the significance of this? That the Messenger of God does not have any children, so that prophethood is not hereditary.
3 - The Messenger of God - was always human and smiling in the face of the Companions. These are lofty souls who bear pain inside and smile outside.
Umm Salama says
When we came to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, while he was in Mecca.” This is a statement to return to Mecca, and in the narration of Ibn Ishaq another detail, where she said: then we stayed with him until some of us went out to Mecca and those who stayed, and a group of Muslims - including Umm Salamah, may God be pleased with her and her husband - returned to Makkah al-Mukarramah, and another group that stayed for a longer period in Abyssinia, d. Ibn Ishaq mentioned that the returnees to Mecca were thirty-three; But he mentioned that without a chain of transmission, and God knows best.
As for why they returned to Mecca?
This return was often at the beginning of the thirteenth year of the expedition? It is because they most likely heard of the first pledge of allegiance to Aqabah, which was at the end of the twelfth year of the mission, hence, they were assured of the existence of another place they could migrate to, which is the city; This is in the event that they are harmed again in Makkah after their return, They were actually harmed after the return, and Abu Salamah bin Abdul-Assad did not find anyone to support him after the death of Abu Talib, who rented him after his return from the first emigration of Abyssinia, so he decided to emigrate to Medina; A year before the second pledge of allegiance to Aqaba.
Umm Salama
The people of Abu Salamah and the people of Umm Salamah (Salma) quarreled with their young son, to the extent that they kept cuddling the boy until his hands were removed, Their last decision was to imprison Umm Salama for a whole year without her son, and her husband emigrated to Abyssinia and left his wife and son behind.
Umm Habiba
Her husband converts to Christianity in exile (Abyssinia), and she is the daughter of one of the leaders of the Quraish, who angered him by entering Islam at times and by emigrating to Abyssinia with the poor at other times, and the Messenger of God knew her story, so he sent a messenger from the Negus after correspondence between him and the Messenger to tell her that he was going to propose to her, and it was the first time she opened the door to anyone after her isolation, and the Negus sent her many perfumes saying that she stayed with her for the end of her life.
last words
Life has many faces, and the seasons change for each individual person or perhaps entire peoples, and the question remains: Why did God - the Most High - allow Muslims to emigrate? Rather, he who did not emigrate was not considered a righteous Muslim unless there are circumstances that compel him not to emigrate, and it must be compelling? and if this snapshot of the lives of the first Muslims had not existed, would the Muslims today reject forced migration with all their might? We will not talk about the causes of forced migration, as they are known, but did the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him know anything about climate migration, for example, that thousands of displaced people would be forced out of their land to have the honor of living in safety without a flood or a direct threat to their lives and properties? Is it a change in the demographics of the Earth? The truth is, we do not know precisely, but we understand that the Earth, the entire Earth, is changing at a rapid rate that only scientists who work in the field of climate change know.