First: The merit of Friday
The first Hadith
His saying (may God bless him and grant him peace) The best day on which the sun rises is Friday, In it Adam was created, in it he was entered Paradise, and in it he was expelled from it” (Narrated by Muslim).
The second Hadith
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may God be pleased with him, on the authority of the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) who said: Whoever takes a bath and then comes to Friday prayer, prays what is decreed for him, then listen until he finishes his sermon, and then prays with him, he was forgiven for what was between it and the other Friday, and the virtue of three days.” (Narrated by Muslim).
The third Hadith
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may God be pleased with him, that the Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace) said: the five daily prayers, Friday to Friday, and Ramadan to Ramadan, expiation for what is between them if he avoids major sins.” (Narrated by Muslim).
The forth Hadith
On the authority of Hudhayfa bin Al-Yaman that the Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace) said: God strayed from Friday those who were before us, and it was for the Jews on Saturday, It was for the Christians on Sunday, so God brought us, so God guided us to Friday, so He made Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and likewise they will follow us on the Day of Resurrection, we are the other people of the world, and the first ones on the Day of Resurrection will be judged for them before the creation.” (Narrated by Muslim).
The fiftieth Hadith
On the authority of Al-Nu’man bin Bashir, he said, “The Messenger of God used to recite on the two Eids and on Fridays, glorifying the Name of your Lord, the Most High.” Meaning: Surah Al-A’la, And did the hadith of Al-Ghashiah come to you, “The meaning: Surat Al-Ghashiah?” He said: If Eid and Friday meet, on one day, he recites them also in the two prayers” (Narrated by Muslim).
The sexist Hadith
The best day on which the sun has risen is Friday, on it Adam was created, on it he descended, on it he repented, and on it he died, on it the Hour will come, and there is no animal that is not except it listening, on Friday, from the morning until the sun rises in twilight of the hour, except for the jinn and mankind, and there is an hour in which a Muslim slave does not come while he is praying, He asks God for a need but He will give it to him. Ka’b said: That is every day every year? I said: Rather, every Friday. He said: Ka’b recited the Torah and said: the prophet is honest, Abu Huraira said: Then I met Abdullah bin Salam and spoke to him in my sitting with Ka’b, Abdullah bin Salam said: I know what hour it is. Abu Huraira said: I said to him: So tell me about it. Abdullah bin Salam said: It is the last hour of Friday, so I said: How is the last hour of Friday when the Messenger of God said that a Muslim slave does not encounter it while he is praying, and that hour he does not pray in it? Abdullah bin Salam said: didn’t the Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace) say: “He who sits in a gathering awaiting prayer?” he is in prayer until he prays? He said: I said: Yes. He said: It is that.” (Narrated by Abu Dawood).
The seventh Hadith
One of your best days is Friday, so pray more for me on it, for your prayers represent before me. They said, “Oh, Messenger of God.” He said, so they said, O Messenger of God, how do you offer our prayers to you when you threw? He said: They say yes. He (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: “God, the Blessed and Exalted, has forbidden the bodies of the prophets on land .” (Narrated by Abu Dawood).
Second: The Jurisprudence and the rulings on Friday prayer
What is the ruling on Friday prayer?
An individual obligation on every sane, settled adult Muslim who has no excuse for abandoning it.
And what indicates about that
Saying God Almightyيَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَوٰةِ مِن يَوۡمِ ٱلۡجُمُعَةِ فَٱسۡعَوۡاْ إِلَىٰ ذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَذَرُواْ ٱلۡبَيۡعَۚ) [الجمعة: 9].
O you who have believed, when the call to prayer is called from the day of the Friday, seek to the remembrance of God and leave off the sale) (Al-Jumu`ah: 9).
His saying (may God bless him and grant him peace)“People will stop leaving the Friday prayers, or God will seal their hearts, then let them be among the unwary.” (Narrated by Muslim).
Q: On whom is Friday prayer obligatory - and who is not?
The prophet Peace Be Upon Him said-
(Friday is a right and obligatory for every Muslim in a group except for four: a slave, a woman, a boy, or a sick person), based on this hadith, it can be said that the Friday prayer is obligatory for everyone who fulfills the following conditions: Muslim
The male
sane
adult
sound
free
Q What is the number of Friday prayers held?
The opinions of the four imams varied regarding the number of Friday prayers held, and the following are their sayings
The first saying
Friday prayer is held by three people, and this is the doctrine of Abu Hanifa
The second saying
It meets with a number of people in the village, and does not meet with three and four people, and this is the doctrine of the Malikis.
The third saying
The Friday prayer is held by forty people, and this is the Shafi’i school of thought, and it is well-known on the authority of Imam Ahmad.
Q What are the conditions for the validity of Friday?
The timeIt is not valid before its time or after its time, like the rest of the obligatory prayers, and its time is like the time of the noon prayer.
To be attended by a group
It is not valid from a single, and at least of group: three.
The settlementIt is residing in a built-up village that does not leave it in summer or winter, and does not leave it in summer or winter, as for the people of the deserts and the nomadic tents it is valid from them and is not obligatory upon them,
Before the two sermons
The Prophet's sedulity of them.
Q How is the Friday prayer?
Friday prayer is two rak'ahs in which the recitation is recited out loud, and it is Sunnah to recite in the first rak'ah - after Al-Fatiha - Surat Al-Jumu'ah, And in the second - after Al-Fatihah - Al - Munafiqun, or he reads Surat Al-Ala in the first, and in the second Al-Ghashiyah. (narrated by Muslim).
Q What are the two sermons and what is their ruling?
The Ruling on two sermons
The two sermons are obligatory, and they are a condition for the validity of Friday prayer
If most of the audience understand Arabic
spoken in Arabic; In order to learn the Arabic language, and not to violate the guidance of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace.
Although most of the attendees do not understand Arabic
There is nothing wrong with delivering it in other languages, for the original sermon is education uidance is not just uttering, taking into account mentioning the verses in Arabic - if possible - then translating their meaning.
Q Are there completion for the sermon?
The Friday sermon has no pillars, rather it is achieved by what the name of the sermon is known as the sermon as custom, but from the perfection of the sermon, the preacher should come up with the following:
Praise God
The two witnessPrayers for the Messenger of God
Read something from the Qur’anThe sermon
Q What are the desirable of the two sermons?
The sermon on the pulpit
The preacher's greetings be upon the people upon his ascent
Separate the two sermons with a light sitting
shortens them
Du'aa between them
The prohibitions in the Friday prayer
1- It is forbidden to speak while the imam is delivering the sermon on Friday
Because he (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) said: “If you say to your freind on Friday: “Listen” and the imam is delivering the sermon, so you have made a Lagho: useless talk. (Narrated by Al-Bukhari).
he hates to him cross people's necks
Unless he is an imam, or he crosses an empty place that he does not reach without that.
didn't delay until after the sermon
The Muslim should hasten to the Friday prayer and be early in it, If he delays the prayer and reaches kneeling with the imam, In the second rak’ah, complete it with a Friday prayer, and if he does not catch up with the second rak’ah, then he should complete it at Dhuhr, Likewise, whoever misses Friday prayer for sleep or something else, then he prays it at noon prayer meaning: four rak'ahs .
He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: whoever goes to Friday prayer in the first hour, it is as if he sacrificed a camel, and whoever goes in the second hour, it is as if he sacrificed a cow, and whoever goes in the third hour, it is as if he sacrificed a horned ram, and whoever goes in the fourth, it is as if he sacrificed a chicken, and whoever goes in the fifth, it is as if he is near an egg
issues In Jummah prayers
From sunnah The Sunnah is for the pulpit to have three levels, following the pulpit of the Messenger of God
One call to prayer is prescribed if the imam sits on the pulpit, as it was in the era of the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - and Abu Bakr and Umar - may God be pleased with them both, Because the possibility of knowing the time has begun is easy, so the reason for the legality of the call to prayer of Othman - may God be pleased with him - was denied, as he used to call the city market to teach people that the time had entered
If the worshiper is present and the imam is delivering the sermon, he prays two light rak’ahs before sitting down; because the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: “If one of you comes on Friday while the imam is delivering the sermon, let him pray two rak’ahs, and pass them both.” (Narrated by Ibn Khuzaymah).
The Sunnah prayers are two rak'ahs. As narrated by Ibn Omar, may God be pleased with him, he said: “The Messenger of God used to pray two units of prayer after Friday in his home” (Narrated by the group), or four; As the Prophet said: “Whoever among you is praying after Friday, let him pray four” (Narrated by Muslim). And the best prayer in his home.
If the Eid and Friday meet, then it is more cautious to pray the Eid and Friday prayers, If he prays the Eid, he must at least pray Dhuhr, and it is permitted for the people of distant cities, if they pray the Eid, not to return to the Friday prayer, On the authority of Iyas bin Abi Ramlah Al-Shami, he said: “I witnessed Muawiyah asked Zaid bin Arqam: I attend two Eid together with the Messenger of God? He said: Yes, he prayed the Eid prayer at the beginning of the day, then he made a concession on Friday, and said: Whoever wants to gather, let him gather.”It is Sunnah for Friday prayer to be a Sunnah before the call to prayer, but it is mustahabb for an absolute voluntary prayer before the call to prayer. He said: “Whoever takes a bath on Friday and purifies himself with whatever purification is possible, then he anointed him with some of his oil, or touched the perfume of his home, then went away, and did not differentiate between two, and he prayed what was written for him, and when the imam came out, he listened, he will be forgiven for what happened between him and the other Friday.” (Narrated by al-Darimi).
It is not part of the Sunnah