The Scholars differed as to what is meant by People of the Book: Hanifiyyah doctrine
Intent: Whoever believes in a prophet and acknowledges a book, among them are the Jews and Christians, and he believes in the Psalms of David - may God bless him and grant him peace - and the Scriptures of Abraham - may God bless him and grant him peace.
This is because they believe in the religion of a heavenly house, a book, and the majority of scholars have gone, what is meant by it is: the Jews and Christians, all their different sects and others who do not believe except in the Scriptures of Abraham and the Psalms of David.
They cited as evidence for this the Almighty’s saying:
Allah says
(أَن تَقُولُوا إِنَّمَا أُنزِلَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَىٰ طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِن قَبْلِنَا وَإِن كُنَّا عَن دِرَاسَتِهِمْ لَغَافِلِينَ (156)
(Lest you say, “The Book was only revealed into two groups before Us, even though we were heedless of their study (156)
They are unanimously agreed that the Book was revealed by us, the Jews and Christians, as Ibn Abbas said, Mujahid, Qatadah, and other translators said.
The truth about the stories of Ibrahim and Zabur Dawud, peace be upon them
The two pages of Ibrahim and Daoud were sermons and proverbs, without rulings, the ruling on books containing rulings has not been proven, Al-Shahrastani said: People of the Book: those who depart from the Hanafi school of thought, And the Sharia, who says the Sharia and its rulings, limits and signs, And what was revealed to Abraham and other prophets, may God bless him and grant him peace, is a book, but newspapers may deal with the People of the Book.
The eating from their sacrifices
If a Muslim or a Christian slaughters a sacrifice and the name of God is not mentioned on it or is not mentioned, then it is permissible to eat it, It is called the name of God when eating, and as Al-Bukhari narrated on the authority of Aisha, may God be pleased with her. God please her, some people asked the Prophet and said: Some people bring us meat. We do not know whether they mentioned the name of God over it or not, He said: Named God on it and eat.) Narrator: Aisha, Mother of the Believers Updated: Al-Albani | Source: Ghayat Al-Maram.
Marrying a chaste woman: Biblical
Muhassan: free, chaste
Among the People of the Book: Al-Zamin, (Zamin: the institutes for which I am given a covenant to secure his money, honor and debts) and the contracting parties, and the people of war, and it is apparent, but its owner. He hates the marriage of the warriors female, According to the majority of scholars - he said - it is permissible for a Muslim to marry a woman of the Book without receiving Communion: Christian Communion: Before the Holy Eucharist, The Magi, the Four Imams, Al-Awza’i, and Al-Thawri.
Some of the companions married women of the People of the Book, It was proven during the time of the Companions that Christians would marry Arab women.
It has been stated in Tafsir Al-Baghawi that it is permissible for Uthman to marry: May God be pleased with her, Naila bint Farfsa, she was a Christian, She converted to Islam during his reign, and she is of Arab origin and not from the people of Israel.
The benevolence for them
Ihsan: mastery of work. Or the benefit of creation
Note: Creating any creation is beneficial to God - Glory be to Him - any kind of benefit, such as work or anything else
The Righteousness
Righteousness is the language of goodness, and the faces of righteousness are the faces of goodness that include obedience to God Almighty and satisfaction
Such as giving charity to the poor and people of knowledge, building mosques, establishing public charitable projects, and the like.
Allah says
(الْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنبِ))
(The neighbor who is a relative and the neighbor on the side, And the friend of the side))
Accept and give gifts
On the authority of Dawud bin Shapur, and Bashir Abu Ismail, on the authority of Mujahid, that Abdullah bin Amr was slaughtered with a sheep for his family, When he came, he said: Abdullah bin Amr said to his family when they slaughtered a sheep for him: Did you give it to our Jewish neighbor? Did you give it to our Jewish neighbor? I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, saying: “Gabriel kept recommending to me about my neighbor until I thought he would inherit from him.”
The funerals of the People of the Book
The scholars differed regarding the funeral prayer for the absent, so Al-Shafi’i and Ahmad held, according to the apparent meaning of his doctrine, that it is permissible, They cited as evidence what is in the Two Sahihs on the authority of Abu Hurairah, may God be pleased with him: that the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, mourned the Negus on the day he died, He took them out to the prayer place, lined them up, and said “Allahu Akbar” to him four times, It is known that Al-Najashi died in the land of Abyssinia.
The Hanafis and Malikis held that prayer in absentia is not permissible.
They responded to the story of the Negus by saying that prayers be upon him, one of the characteristics of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.
On the authority of Jabir, on the authority of Amer, he said:
Umm al-Harith died, and she was a Christian, and the companions of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, testified against her.
- A funeral passed by, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, stood up, We stood with him, and I said: O Messenger of God! Is it a Jewish funeral? He said: Death is fearful, so if you see a funeral, get up.
Visit their graves It is also authentic that he said:
“I asked my Lord for permission to visit my mother’s grave, and he gave me permission I asked him for permission to ask forgiveness for her, but he did not give me permission.” He also said that when he wanted to ask forgiveness for his mother, Gabriel, peace be upon him, was struck in the chest, And he said to him: “do not ask forgiveness for someone who is a polytheist.” He came back sad
Justice: justice with them
Allah says
(لَّا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (8)
(God does not forbid you from those who do not fight you on account of religion, and they did not expel you from your homes, that you be on a good character towards them and be just towards them. Indeed, God loves those who are just (8)
Al Br: The good manners
4/624- On the authority of Al-Nawwas bin Samaan, may God bless him and grant him peace
he said: I asked the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, about righteousness and sin, and he said: Righteousness: good character, And sin: what wavers within your soul, and which you hate for people to find out about. Narrated by Muslim.
And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said:
You do not widen people with your money, but you widen them with widen face and there is great goodness in fluency.
On the authority of Umm Salamah, may God be pleased with her, that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, made a will upon his death, saying: On the authority of Abu Dharr, may God be pleased with him, that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “You will conquer a land in which the Qirat will be mentioned, so be guardianship to its people, or they have covenant and mercy.”
In Arabic language: The word ( Estwaso) the letter ( seen ) is add to the word ( Wasih)
Not to harm them
On the authority of Abdullah bin Omar, may God be pleased with them both, on the authority of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, he said: Whoever kills a covenanter will not smell the scent of the Paradise, Its fragrance can be smelled from a distance of forty years. Narrated by Al-Bukhari.