Before we proceed to talk about the second emigration to Abyssinia, we must know that the Quraysh did not leave the Muslims feeling safe and secure in Abyssinia without being vexed by them, It is the habit of people in every time and place. If they are expelled from their homes and taken their property, it will not cure their grudges against them. Rather, it is possible to track them down and harm them in order to show the strength and inviolability of the Quraysh, and for no one to transgress again against the masters - so to speak - the strange thing is that they used legal appeals, as they did not stealthily go to Abyssinia to harm or kill them - not at all - but rather for the King of Abyssinia, so that revenge on a land that is not theirs would be more tragic for the safe Muslims, and not only that, but it is legal and no one blames them.
The Quraysh delegation arrives in Abyssinia
There, with a bit of sophistication and intelligence, Amr ibn al-Aas did not enter directly into the Negus, but went first to his patriarch, and to the clergy, ministers and senior people, Those who usually sit in the Negus council give him an opinion. he went to them and filled their hands with great gifts, then he began to present to them his request, accompanied by his irrefutable argument; With the aim of standing with him against the Muslims in front of the Negus, Amr ibn al-Aas succeeded in this task very well, and they all accepted gifts from him, listened to his opinion and were convinced of his idea, and thus he had completely paved the way for dialogue with the Negus.
The first arrow of Amr bin Al-Aas on the Muslims
And he brought great gifts and presented them to him, and the Negus accepted them from him, and after Amr ibn al-Aas was assured of the presence of all the Patriarchs and ministers with him, he began to present his command and mission to him, and he was choosing his words very carefully and with great wisdom, so he said: This was a fall from Amr ibn al-Aas, the lie that she lied to the Negus; All the immigrants were from the noble and sane, and not from the foolish boys, but he wanted to belittle the Muslims, believing that it is unreasonable for the Negus to prioritize the words of foolish boys over the words of the official Quraish embassy.
The second arrow of Amr bin Al-Aas on the Muslims
He said to the Negus that they left the religion of their people and did not enter into your religion, and they came with a religion that they invented that neither we nor you know.
The third arrow of Amr bin Al-Aas on the Muslims
We have sent to you among them the nobles of their people from their fathers, uncles, and clans to return them to them.
When he finished speaking (Amr ibn al-Aas was not yet Muslim)
Christian Clergy Spoken:
“You have spoken the truth, O king, so hand them over to them, so that they may return them to their people and their country.” We will take the following from the above before we proceed to talk about what remains
1 - Intelligence is a trick of the people of mind: it is a neutral blessing that is used in good or in evil and for individual or collective interests, so Islam came, after a while, he refines this blessing by saying, Most High, (And cooperate in righteousness and piety, and do not cooperate in sin and aggression) amr bin Al-Aas was one of the notables of Quraysh, so Quraysh did not send an ordinary representative, and they sent with him many gifts that they bestowed upon the king and his entourage, and it is said (they have given love) so the gift before the poison that he will put down shortly is a new old trick, but it did not convincingly enter on a king who is a veteran in his rule and knows people's minerals.
3 - The Quraysh entered (legal), if you will, so they are diplomatic relations such as ambassadors and ministers, so you cannot respond with disappointment, (That's what they expected.)
4 - The idea that he said to the Negus that the Muslims left the religion of their forefathers and did not enter your religion is an indication of the strength of religions at that time and the tribal fanaticism has either an earthly or a heavenly religion, such as the religion of the Negus.
The Reaction of the Negus (King of Abyssinia)
After hearing the Quraysh ambassador (Amr ibn al-Aas) and after hearing his battalion with his right armour, he said: No, by God, I will not hand them over to them, and hardly any people who came near me and encamped in my country chose me over anyone else, Until I call them and ask them what these two say about them, and if they are as they say, I will hand them over to them and return them to their people, and if they are otherwise, I will prevent them from them and be good to them, they will not be close to me.)
We take from this part
Sophistication, experience and fairness from the king of Abyssinia, and the intuition of the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him (a king whom no one is wronged before him) was true. How did the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him know that? Did he have, at that early time in the life of Islam, sophistication, military experience, and knowledge outside the borders of the Islamic state - if so to speak - and more than that: How do you explain that he - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - praises a king and a Christian when he is not on his religion? And here is a pause: Where did you come from harming the Christians, O Muslim, or not praising the good qualities that they hold between their two sides, it is the Sunnah of the Messenger of God, rather it is the will of God, because the Messenger (he does not speak of desire that it is nothing but a revelation that reveals) fairness beautifies your face and your way in life - if you do not have beautiful photo.
Then The Negus sent to the Muslims to see their response to what was said
The Muslims knew what had happened, and they gathered on one word to bring out the best of them recently to speak before the king. Jaafar Ibn Abi Talib and a delegation of Muslims with him, but he was the official spokesman for them, there they found the Negus sitting on his chair and around him were his bishops, they published their gospels, and on the other side were Amr bin Al-Aas and Abdullah bin Abi Rabia Al-Najashi.
What is this religion in which you separated from your people, and you did not enter into my religion or the religion of any of these nations?
The question of kings - if so to speak - because it enters the subject without long or ambiguous introductions, and it is a great cleverness of the Negus, as he did not harm the Christian clergy of his own, He did not listen to their advice, and did not harm those who sought political asylum, except after he knew that they were not good at citizenship on his land.
The first problem for Muslims
Ibn Saad says in his layers: When the Muslims, with Jaafar bin Abi Talib at their head, entered upon the Negus, it was said to them: Prostrate to the king, Jafar said: We do not prostrate except to God. Amr and Umarah said: They do not prostrate to you.
The second problem
Then the priests and monks said: Prostrate to the king. Jaafar said: We only prostrate to God Almighty. When they reached the Negus, he said: What prevented you from prostrating? He said: We only prostrate to God.
The Negus said to him: What is that?
He said: God sent a messenger among us, and he is the messenger whom Jesus, son of Mary, peace be upon him, preached after him, whose name is Ahmad, so he commanded us to do the following:
To worship God and not associate anything with Him
And we established the prayer
We pay zakat
We enjoin good and forbid evil
The Negus was impressed by what he said.
The second problem for Muslims
When Amr bin Al-Aas saw that, he said: May God reform the king, for they differ with you regarding Jesus, son of Mary, The Negus said to Jaafar: What does your friend (meaning the Messenger of God) say about Ibn Maryam?
Jaafar bin Abi Talib
He said: He says about him what God says: He is God’s Spirit and His Word. He brought him out from the Virgin, whom no human had ever approached, So the Negus took a stick from the ground and raised it and said: O company of priests and monks: These are more than what we say about Ibn Maryam, nor is this weighted, you are welcome and whoever you have come from, that he is the one whom Jesus preached. Remain in my land as long as you like. He ordered for them food and clothing, and said: Return to these two their gifts.
1 - The Negus picking up a stick from the ground, if it indicates something, it indicates that he is a great thinker. He did not take the words while smiling or said his word immediately after their words. Rather, there is a time, albeit short, for him to pick up a stick from the ground (a time to reflect on what was said) understood by most scholars of body language.
2- His welcoming of Muslims while they are not of his religion is a sign of generosity and magnanimity, although it is possible that he is not of Arab origin, for goodness is inherent in people, and it is Arab morals at that time, but no wonder it is the manners of kings.
3 - There is nothing left but to return gifts to Amr ibn al-Aas and his delegation. Why? A politician replied that he would not be affected by anyone's words about anyone in his kingdom, as if he was saying if you want to sever diplomatic relations, do so, and you will not rule my land.
4 - He ordered the Muslims to have food and clothing: an indication of the generous hospitality and the generosity of kings, and that no one is truly unjust before him.
What called Muslims to immigrate to Abyssinia again?
It is well known among biographers that the immigrants, the second emigration to Abyssinia, returned to Medina in the seventh year of the emigration. In fact, this is part of the truth, As for the whole truth, they came back in different periods in which we can identify at least three periods.
Group A (approx: thirty-three)
In the year thirteen of the Prophet's message
Therefore, a group of Muslims - including Umm Salamah, may God be pleased with her, and her husband - returned to Mecca, and another group stayed for a longer period in Abyssinia, and this was confirmed by Umm Salamah, may God be pleased with her, She concluded her talk about Abyssinia by saying: (Until we reached the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, while he was in Mecca. This is a statement to return to Mecca.
They came back very early. About two years after their emigration. That is, around the beginning of the thirteenth year, Ibn Ishaq stated that the returnees to Mecca were thirty-three. But he mentioned that without support, and God knows best, among them is Othman bin Mazoon, may God be pleased with him, who was one of the first to die in Medina, meaning that he came to Mecca first and then immigrated early to Medina, and among them is Othman bin Affan, may God be pleased with him, who also migrated to Medina from Mecca, with his wife Ruqayyah, may God be pleased with her, the daughter of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peac
Why did they return to Mecca?
In the eleventh year of the mission, specifically during the Hajj season, the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - was presenting himself to the tribes to support his call, so he presented himself to a group of the Khazraj youth and invited them to Islam, they told him that there are wars and conflicts between them and their brothers Aws. Perhaps God will gather their word with this blessed call, for these are Rahat: less than 10, they returned to Medina and invited their families to Islam, so Islam began to spread in the homes of Medina.
Why did we mention that this return occurred mostly in the first year of the thirteenth of the mission?
Because they most likely heard about the first pledge of Aqaba, which was at the end of the twelfth year of the mission, and therefore, they were satisfied that there was another place they could migrate to, , which is Medina. This is in the event that they are subjected to abuse again in Makkah after their return.
Related Studies
Rumors are destroying homes
Rumor: Unreliable and unconfirmed false news spreads among the people
There is a science called the psychology of rumours, and it is a method by which some people influence the Companions and Companions who did not verify the news by legitimate means. Rumors have exposed Muslims to torture once again, If you pay attention, the primary function of rumors is to make sense of something that isn't really clear, and this confusion opens the door to rumors, which people can hold onto to at least give them an idea of why the world exists. It works the way it is:
People spread rumors when they are worried
People spread rumors when there is uncertainty
People spread rumors when information is important
People spread rumors when it helps to get their self-image
People spread rumors when he helps them with their social status
The second immigrant group
Those who migrated before Medina migrated, and those who returned migrated from Abyssinia to Medina. This narration mentions that the “common people” from the immigrants to Abyssinia, returned to Medina in the early days of the Prophet’s migration to it; Therefore, we see many names of immigrants to Abyssinia, those who migrated before Medina migrated, and those who returned migrated from Abyssinia to Medina. This narration mentions that the “common people” from the immigrants to Abyssinia, returned to Medina in the early days of the Prophet’s migration to it; Therefore, we see many names of immigrants to Abyssinia.
We take from this next part
People differ in their attitudes, thoughts and way of dealing with life even if they are all united by one religion (Islam), for example, the second group of Muslims who stayed in Abyssinia longer than the first group, they didn't think of it. Conditions of homesickness and homesickness, but rather thinking in a rational manner until things appeared as they were, and in fact they returned on the basis of the matter, (from Medina) and they did not return from among those who returned to Mecca. They exposed themselves and their families to the torture of the Quraish again after God saved them from it.
The third group
(who remained in Abyssinia until the end of the sixth year of migration or the beginning of the seventh year ) It is led by Jaafar himself, may God be pleased with him, and with him is his wife, Asma bint Umays, Abu Musa al-Ash'ari and some of his companions, may God be pleased with them all, It seems that from time to time some of them were leaving for the city. For this last group consisted of only sixteen men, according to Ibn Ishaq, and with them were approximately four women and five children.
Related Studies
Confirm and challenge the rules of participation and affiliation
The rest of the Muslims in Abyssinia are about (16) Muslims, which is a small number that we can call a (minority) in a country where the majority are Christians. We did not hear that the minority was persecuted, we did not hear that the minority was not a good citizen. Citizenship in a country other than your own has characteristics that the early Muslims seem to have known and dealt with, Thus (mutual respect) is the law of God in his land.
Across Europe, there is a call for citizens to actively participate in society. Public interest highlights the duty of immigrants to fulfill the expectations of "good citizenship" as part of a neoliberal agenda, broader where citizens' contributions are essential to maintaining the welfare state. at the same time, the active citizenship agenda is part of the new center-left approach, which is concerned with the inclusion of all citizens. Active citizenship policies address marginalization and the loss of real opportunities for political participation.
The links
https://www.islamweb.net/ar/article/15690/هجرة-المسلمين-الثانية-إلى-الحبشة Stay an active citizen that benefits and benefits for your community first and then for the country in which you live secondly, so you must taste your good and what you excel in. https://mawdoo3.com/بحث_عن_بيعة_العقبة_الأولىhttps://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/شائعة/ https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/الرهط/ https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/لابة/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17100486/ https://islamstory.com/ar/artical/3406746/متى-رجع-المسلمون-من-الحبشة http://socialpsychonline.com/2015/09/psychology-why-rumors-spread/ https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/031315/advantages- disadvantages-dual-citizenship.aspThe “good citizen”https://www.alkhaleej.ae/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82/%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A