ما معنى ملك اليمين؟
يقصد بملك اليَمين الأرقّاء المملوكين من الإناث الذّين يتم اتّخاذهم من الحرو
وهم عبارة عن النِّساء الرَّقيق والإماء اللَّواتي
يحق لمالكهن أن
يطئهم دون عقد زواج أو مهر أو شهود
ويحق لهن أن يعاملن كالزَّوجة معاملة حسنة
وأن يأكلن مما يأكل سيّدهن
ويلبسن مما يلبس أهل بيته
وبمجرَّد أن تحمل الأمة من سيّدها تصير أم ولده، وبذلك لا يحق له بيعها، كما أنَّها تصبح حرَّة بعد وفاته
أحكام حول مِلك اليمين
يحق للمالك أن يأتي مملوكته وأمته كما يأتي زوجته، دون عقد زواج، أو شهود، ولا مهر
وقد أحلَّت الشَّريعة الإسلاميّة
ملك اليمين، والإماء لم تكن بالأساس حرائر بكل كانت مملوكات يتم أخذهن كسبايا من الحروب التّي تكون بين المسلمين والكفَّار، أو شرائهن بالمال. وتكون العلاقة بين المالك ومملوكته معلنة غير سريّة، فلا يصح أن تكون سريّة وإلا دخلت في حد الزّنا.
قال تعالي
(يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللَّاتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ)قال تعالي
(وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُمْ مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكُمْ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ فَمَا اسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْهُنَّ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَاضَيْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْفَرِيضَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا)قال تعالي
(لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَلَا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رَقِيبًا)قال تعالي
(إِلَّا عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ)----------------------What does right hand possession mean?
Right hand possession refers to female slaves who are taken from the war and they are female slaves
Their owner has the right to
have intercourse with them without a marriage contract, dowry or witnesses
They have the right to be treated well like a wife
And to eat what their master eats
And to wear what his household wears
And as soon as the slave girl becomes pregnant by her master, she becomes the mother of his child, and thus he has no right to sell her, and she also becomes free after his death.
The provisions on Right Hand Possession
The owner has the right to have intercourse with his female slave and female slave as he would have intercourse with his wife, without a marriage contract, witnesses, or dowry
Islamic law has permitted
Right hand possession, and female slaves were not originally free, but rather were property taken as spoils of war between Muslims and infidels or bought with money. The relationship between the owner and his female slave must be public and not secret, so it cannot be secret, otherwise it would fall under the category of adultery.
Allah says
قال تعالي
(يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللَّاتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ)(O Prophet, indeed We have made lawful to you your wives to whom you have given their dowries and those your right hand possesses from what Allah has given you as booty.)
Allah says
(وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُمْ مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكُمْ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ فَمَا اسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْهُنَّ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَاضَيْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْفَرِيضَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا)(And chaste women from your women, except those your right hands possess. This is the decree of Allah upon you. And all beyond that is lawful to you, that you may seek with your wealth in chastity, not in fornication. So whatever of them you have enjoyed, give them their dowries as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you mutually agree upon after the obligation. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.)
Allah says
(لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ بَعْدُ وَلَا أَنْ تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رَقِيبًا)(It is not lawful for you to take other women after this, nor to exchange them for other wives, even if their beauty pleases you, except those your right hand possesses. And ever is Allah, over all things, a Watcher.)
Allah says
(إِلَّا عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ)(Except from their wives or those their right hands possess, for indeed, they will not be blamed.)
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